"Your 40-Class English Course – Day-by-Day Guide"

This 40-day guide maps out your complete English course — from basics to fluency. Tap any day to review lessons, stay organized, and move one step closer to confident English speaking!

🗓️ Day 1 – A New Beginning!

“Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.” — Nelson Mandela

1. Let’s Break the Ice – I Want to Know You!

Welcome to your first day!
I’ll start by introducing myself with energy and honesty — and I want the same from you.

Today, I’ll ask you to share:

Your name
Your education background
Why you want to learn English
A little about your hobbies or dreams

This is not just an activity — it helps me understand your level, confidence, and how I can guide you better.

2. Why English? Let Me Tell You Why This Matters

Today, I’ll share with you the real reasons why learning English can change your life.

You’ll understand how it helps you:

In daily conversations
In job interviews and career growth
To build your confidence
While traveling, meeting new people, and using modern tools like the internet and apps

I’ll also share some inspiring stories — real people who improved their lives because they dared to learn English. You can be one of them.

3. What You’ll Learn – Our 3-Month Journey

I want you to know exactly what you’ll gain from this course.

Here’s what I’ll teach you:

Vocabulary building – from daily life to professional English
Grammar basics – made simple and useful
Speaking & pronunciation – to help you sound confident and clear
Reading & writing – to improve understanding and expression
Conversation skills – so you can talk with anyone, anytime

By the end of these 3 months, I promise — you’ll be confident enough to speak fluently, crack interviews, and express yourself with pride.

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence
1	Woman	An adult female human being	زن	The woman is reading a book in the library.
2	Man	An adult male human being	مرد	The man is waiting at the bus stop.
3	Husband	A married man in relation to his wife	شوهر	Her husband helps her cook dinner every evening.
4	Wife	A married woman in relation to her husband	همسر	His wife works as a teacher.
5	Baby	A very young child, usually under 1 year	نوزاد	The baby is sleeping peacefully in the cradle.
6	Parents	A mother and father considered together	والدین	Parents should always support their children’s education.
7	Children	Young humans; boys and girls who are not adults	فرزندان	The children are playing in the park.
8	Boy	A male child	پسر	The boy is riding his bicycle in the street.
9	Girl	A female child	دختر	The girl is drawing a picture of her house.
10	Grandparents	The parents of a person’s father or mother	پدربزرگ و مادربزرگ	My grandparents live in a small village.
11	Granddaughter	A daughter of one’s son or daughter	نوه دختر	Their granddaughter loves to sing and dance.
12	Grandson	A son of one’s son or daughter	نوه پسر	The grandparents are teaching their grandson to ride a bike.

🗓️ Day 2

“The beautiful thing about learning is that no one can take it away from you.” — B.B. King

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence
1	Annoy	To bother or irritate	آزارده ساختن، خفه ساختن	The noise from the street began to annoy me.
2	Announce	To make something known	اعلان کردن	They will announce the results tomorrow.
3	Array	A large group or collection	صف بستن	The shop displayed an array of shoes.
4	Allow	To give permission	اجازه دادن	He didn’t allow me to go out last night.
5	Ammunition	Military weapons or bullets	تجهیزات جنگی، مهمات	The soldiers ran out of ammunition.
6	Anniversary	A yearly celebration	سالگرد	They celebrated their 10th wedding anniversary.
7	Appropriate	Suitable or proper	اختصاص دادن، مناسب	That’s not an appropriate way to speak.
8	Anarchy	Disorder, no law	هرج و مرج، بی‌قانونی	After the king was overthrown, anarchy followed.
9	Anarchist	A person against authority	هرج و مرج خواه	The anarchist refused to obey any rules.
10	Authority	Power or control	مقام	He has no authority to make that decision.
11	Approve	To accept or agree to	تصویب کردن	The manager did not approve the budget plan.
12	Ability	Skill to do something	توانایی، شایستگی	She has the ability to solve problems quickly.
13	Abnormal	Not usual or regular	غیر عادی	The test results were abnormal.
14	Absolve	To set free from guilt	بخشیدن	He was absolved of all responsibility.
15	Accommodate	To adjust or fit in	تطبیق کردن	The hotel can accommodate up to 300 guests.
16	Ambush	A surprise attack	کمین‌گرفتن	The army was ambushed during the night.
17	Ancestor	A family member from past	اجداده، نیاکان	My ancestors came from Central Asia.
18	Angel	A spiritual being	فرشته	She looks like an angel in that white dress.
19	Asian	Related to Asia	آسیایی	Many Asian countries have rich cultures.
20	Admire	To respect or praise	تعریف کردن، توصیف کردن	I really admire your dedication.

What is Language? | زبان چیست؟

Definition in Persian (Dari):
زبان عبارت از مجموعه قواعدی، سمبول‌های قراردادی و صوتی است که به‌منظور افهام و تفهیم استفاده می‌شود.

English Meaning:
Language is a set of rules, symbols (written or spoken), and sounds used to communicate ideas, feelings, and information.(( Language is a tool for understanding and being understood.))

Types of Language (By Form) | انواع زبان از نگاه شکل

We can divide language into three main types based on form:

English Term	Persian (Dari) Meaning	Usage
Written Language (Formal)	زبان نوشتار (ادبی)	Used in books, articles, academic or official writing. Grammar is strictly followed.
Spoken Language (Colloquial)	زبان گفتار (عامیانه)	Used in everyday conversation. Grammar rules may not always be followed.
Sign Language (Demonstrative)	زبان حرکی (اشاره‌یی)	Communication through gestures and signs, commonly used by speech-impaired individuals.

Definitions:

1. Written Language (Formal)

Persian: زبان نوشتاری که نکات دستوری در آن رعایت می‌شود.
English: A form of language that follows grammatical rules. Commonly found in books, magazines, and academic writing.

2. Spoken Language (Colloquial)

Persian: زبانی برای محاوره روزمره که قواعد خاصی رعایت نمی‌شود.
English: Used in daily conversation. It’s more relaxed and less strict about grammar.

3. Sign Language (Demonstrative)

Persian: زبان اشاره‌ای که با حرکات و اشارات استفاده می‌شود.
English: A non-verbal form of language used to communicate through gestures, often by or with mute people.

Types of Language (By Meaning) | انواع زبان از لحاظ مفهوم

Type	English Term	Persian (Dari) Meaning	Description
	Language in a General Sense	زبان به مفهوم عام	Includes signs, signals, traffic symbols, etc.
	Language in a Specific Sense	زبان به مفهوم خاص	Spoken or written language based on structured rules (grammar).

General Language (Common Meaning)

Persian: زبانی که همراه اشارات، حرکات، لوحه‌ها، اشارات ترافیکی و غیره استفاده می‌شود.
English: Includes any non-verbal methods like signs or traffic signals that convey meaning.

Specific Language (Proper Meaning)

Persian: استفاده از علامت‌های صوتی و قراردادی به منظور تفهیم در قالب گفتار.
English: A system of spoken or written symbols used to convey thoughts and ideas according to grammar.

What is Grammar? | گرامر چیست؟

Persian (Dari):
گرامر (دستور زبان) مجموعه‌ای از قواعد است که به منظور درست نوشتن، درست خواندن و افهام و تفهیم استفاده می‌شود.

English:
Grammar is a collection of rules that help us write correctly, speak clearly, and understand one another.

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence
1	Grandmother	The mother of one’s father or mother	مادربزرگ	My grandmother makes the best cookies.
2	Grandfather	The father of one’s father or mother	پدربزرگ	His grandfather tells amazing stories.
3	Uncle	The brother of one’s father or mother	کاکا / ماما	My uncle lives in another city.
4	Mother	A female parent	مادر	My mother wakes up early to prepare breakfast.
5	Father	A male parent	پدر	His father works in a bank.
6	Aunt	The sister of one’s father or mother	عمه / خاله	Our aunt is visiting us this weekend.
7	Cousin	The child of your uncle or aunt	پسرخاله / دخترعمه / پسرعمو / دخترخاله	My cousin and I study in the same school.
8	Sister-in-law	The wife of your brother or the sister of your husband/wife	خواهر شوهر / زن برادر	My sister-in-law is very kind.
9	Brother	A male sibling	برادر	My brother plays football every evening.
10	Sister	A female sibling	خواهر	Her sister works as a nurse.
11	Brother-in-law	The husband of your sister or the brother of your husband/wife	شوهر خواهر / برادر شوهر	My brother-in-law is a doctor.
12	Husband	A married man in relation to his wife	شوهر	She and her husband moved to a new house.
13	Nephew	The son of your brother or sister	برادرزاده / خواهرزاده	My nephew is only five years old.
14	Niece	The daughter of your brother or sister	برادرزاده / خواهرزاده	Her niece loves drawing pictures.
15	Daughter	A female child	دختر	Their daughter studies medicine.
16	Son	A male child	پسر	Their son works in an IT company.

3. What You’ll Learn – Our 3-Month Journey

I want you to know exactly what you’ll gain from this course.

Here’s what I’ll teach you:

Vocabulary building – from daily life to professional English
Grammar basics – made simple and useful
Speaking & pronunciation – to help you sound confident and clear
Reading & writing – to improve understanding and expression
Conversation skills – so you can talk with anyone, anytime

By the end of these 3 months, I promise — you’ll be confident enough to speak fluently, crack interviews, and express yourself with pride.

🗓️ Day 3

“The beautiful thing about learning is that no one can take it away from you.” — B.B. King

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence
21	Ballot	A piece of paper used to vote	ورقه رأی	Each voter was given a ballot to cast their vote.
22	Ballot box	A box where ballots are collected	صندوق رأی دهی	The ballot box was sealed after the voting ended.
23	Barber	A person who cuts hair	سلمان	I went to the barber for a haircut yesterday.
24	Blind	Unable to see	کور، نابینا	He has been blind since birth.
25	Barrack	A building for soldiers	سرباز خانه	The soldiers returned to their barracks after training.
26	Broadcast	To transmit a program	نشر کردن	The match was broadcast live on television.
27	Blare	To make a loud noise	جار زدن	Music blared from the car speakers.
28	Bonus	Extra payment	انعام	She received a bonus for her excellent performance.
29	Bribe	A gift to influence someone dishonestly	رشوت، رشوت دادن	He offered the official a bribe to ignore the rules.
30	Broker	An agent who buys/sells things	دلال	He works as a real estate broker in the city.
31	Compatriot	Fellow countryman	هموطن	I met a compatriot during my trip to Canada.
32	Confront	To face someone/something	روبرو شدن	She had to confront her fears to move forward.
33	Convenient	Suitable or easy to use	راحت، مناسب	Online shopping is very convenient these days.
34	Cheat	To deceive or trick	نقل کردن، فریب دادن	He tried to cheat during the exam.
35	Chemical	A substance used in science	کیمیاوی	This chemical can be dangerous if not handled carefully.
36	Confident	Sure of oneself	مطمئن	She felt confident about her presentation.
37	Confidence	Belief in oneself	اطمینان	He spoke with great confidence.
38	Court	A place where legal cases are heard	محکمه	The case will be heard in court next week.
39	Captive	A prisoner or someone held	اسیر	The soldiers freed the captives from the enemy camp.
40	Captivate	To attract or hold interest	اسیر کردن	Her performance captivated the audience.

Alphabet (الفبا)

Definition: Persian (Dari):
الفبا عبارت از نشانه‌های قراردادی و صوتی است که اساس یک زبان را تشکیل می‌دهد.
English:
The alphabet is a system of symbolic and phonetic signs that form the foundation of a language.

The English language has 26 letters, which are divided into:

Capital Letters (حروف بزرگ)
Small Letters (حروف کوچک)

Capital Letters | حروف بزرگ

Capital letters are written in uppercase form and are used in specific cases:

Usage	Example	Dari Explanation
At the beginning of a sentence	He is a student.	برای نوشتن حرف اول جمله
For proper nouns (names)	Ahmad is my friend.	برای اسم‌های خاص
Days of the week	Today is Wednesday.	روزهای هفته
Months of the year	My birthday is in June.	ماه‌های سال
The pronoun “I”	I am a teacher.	ضمیر فاعلی “I”
Abbreviations	USA, UN, UK	مخفف‌ها و نام‌های رسمی

Small Letters | حروف کوچک

Small letters are the non-capital forms of the alphabet. They are commonly used in:

Writing books, articles, magazines, etc.
Everyday written communication.

Complete English Alphabet (Capital + Small):

Types of Letters (by Sound) | انواع حروف از نظر صدا

Letters in English can also be categorized based on pronunciation:

English Term	Letters	Dari Meaning
Vowel Letters	A, E, I, O, U	حروف صدادار – در تلفظ مانعی ندارند
Consonant Letters	All letters except vowels	حروف بی‌صدا – مانع در تلفظ دارند
Semi-Vowels	Sometimes W and Y	حروف نیمه‌صدادار – بسته به موقعیت صدادار یا بی‌صدا هستند

Vowel Letters | حروف صدادار

Persian (Dari):
حروفی که در هنگام تلفظ مانعی در دهان ایجاد نمی‌کنند و هرکدام می‌توانند یک هجا را بسازند.

English:
Vowels are letters that are pronounced without obstruction in the vocal tract and can form a syllable on their own.

Vowel Letters: A – E – I – O – U

حروف نیمه‌ صدادار (Semi-Vowel Letters – Vowel Sime)

Definition:

Semi-vowels are letters that sometimes behave like vowels and sometimes like consonants, depending on their position in the word.

At the beginning of words: Consonant sound

Examples:

Yes → Y is pronounced like a consonant
Water → W is pronounced like a consonant
Yellow, Win, Yard, Wish

At the end of words: Vowel sound

Examples:

Cry → Y sounds like “ee” → a vowel
Sky, Spy, Fly, Window → Y or W here acts like a vowel

(Consonant Letters)

Letters Consonant: These are the letters in English that, when pronounced, create obstruction in the vocal tract (در هنگام تلفظ‌شان در سیستم گفتار موانع ایجاد می‌شود). They cannot form a syllable on their own like vowels do.

حروف بی‌صدا نمی‌توانند به‌تنهایی یک هجا (Syllable) را تشکیل دهند.
به‌جز از حروف صدادار (A, E, I, O, U)، باقی تمام حروف انگلیسی بی‌صدا هستند.

There are 19 consonant letters in English:

B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, X, Z

Examples

حرف بی‌صدا	مثال	توضیح
B	Book	تلفظ با بستن لب‌ها
D	Dog	نوک زبان با سقف دهان برخورد می‌کند
K	King	با عقب زبان و سقف دهان تلفظ می‌شود
S	Sun	جریان هوا با زبان مانع می‌شود
T	Time	تلفظ با انفجار سریع هوا

Compound Letters

Definition:

In English, some sounds are not represented by a single letter. These sounds are created by combining two or more letters. These are known as Compound Letters.

They do not exist as individual letters in the English alphabet but are formed by fixed combinations.

List of Common Compound Letters:

Compound	Sound (Approximate)	Example	Meaning
Ch	“ch” as in “چ”	Chalk	a soft white rock
Sh	“sh” as in “ش”	Shy	feeling timid
Zh	“zh” as in “ژ”	Zhala	(a name) Zhala
Gh	“gh” as in “غ”	Ghulam	(a name) Ghulam
Kh	“kh” as in “خ”	Khala	(aunt in some cultures)
Ph	“f” sound	Phone	telephone
Ture	“chur” as in “چه”	Nature	natural world
Tion	“shun” as in “شن”	Nation	a country
Sion	“zhun” as in “ژن”	Television	device for viewing
Cient	“shent” as in “شنت”	Ancient	very old

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence
1	Lapel	The folded part on the front of a coat or jacket	یقه کت	The man pinned a rose on his lapel.
2	Blazer	A light jacket worn for formal or semi-formal occasions	کت سبک و رسمی	He wore a navy blazer to the office.
3	Button	A small round object used to fasten clothes	دکمه	She sewed a button on her shirt.
4	Slacks	Formal trousers for men or women	پتلون رسمی	He wore black slacks and a white shirt.
5	Heel	The raised back part of a shoe	پاشنه کفش	Her shoe heel broke at the party.
6	Sole	The bottom part of a shoe	تخت کفش	The soles of my shoes are worn out.
7	Shoelace	A cord used to tie shoes	بند کفش	He tied his shoelaces before running.
8	Sweatshirt	A warm, long-sleeved top	پیراهن گرم ورزشی	She wore a blue sweatshirt to the gym.
9	Wallet	A small case for money and cards	بټوه / کیف پول	He took some cash out of his wallet.
10	Sweatpants	Comfortable loose pants for sports or rest	پتلون ورزشی	I wear sweatpants when I exercise.
11	Sneakers	Soft, comfortable sports shoes	کتانی	He bought new sneakers for school.
12	Sweatband	A band worn to absorb sweat	نوار عرق‌گیر	He wore a sweatband on his forehead.
13	Tank Top	A sleeveless shirt	کمیس بی‌آستین	It’s hot, so he wore a tank top.
14	Shorts	Pants that end above the knee	پتلون کوتاه	The boy wore shorts at the beach.
15	Long Sleeve	A shirt with sleeves covering the arms	آستین‌بلند	I prefer long sleeve shirts in winter.
16	Belt	A strap worn around the waist	کمربند	He tightened his belt after lunch.
17	Buckle	A metal fastener on a belt or shoe	سگک	The buckle on my belt is broken.
18	Shopping Bag	A bag used to carry purchases	بکس خرید	She filled her shopping bag with clothes.
19	Sandal	Open shoes for warm weather	چپل / سندل	He wore sandals to the beach.
20	Collar	The part of a shirt around the neck	یقه	He adjusted his collar before leaving.
21	Short Sleeve	A shirt with sleeves that end above the elbow	آستین‌کوتاه	He wore a short sleeve shirt in summer.
22	Dress	A one-piece garment for women	لباس زنانه	She wore a red dress to the party.
23	Purse	A small bag used by women for money and keys	کیف زنانه	She put her phone in her purse.
24	Umbrella	A device used for rain or sun protection	چتر	Don’t forget your umbrella; it might rain.
25	(High) Heels	Women’s shoes with tall heels	کفش پاشنه‌بلند	She wore high heels to the wedding.
26	Cardigan	A knitted sweater with buttons in the front	جاکت دکمه‌دار	She wore a cardigan over her shirt.
27	(Corduroy) Pants	Pants made of thick, ridged cotton fabric	پتلون مخملی	He bought brown corduroy pants.
28	Hard Hat	A protective helmet worn at construction sites	کلاه ایمنی	Workers must wear a hard hat at all times.
29	T-shirt	A casual short-sleeve cotton shirt	تی‌شرت	He wore a white T-shirt and jeans.
30	Overalls	A one-piece work garment covering the body	لباس کار یک‌تکه	The mechanic wore overalls in the garage.
31	Lunch Box	A small box for carrying meals	بکس غذا	He packed a sandwich in his lunch box.
32	(Construction) Boots	Heavy shoes used for work or protection	بوت ساختمانی	He wore construction boots on the site.
33	Jacket	A short coat with sleeves	جاکت / کت	She wore a black jacket over her dress.
34	Blouse	A loose-fitting upper garment for women	کمیس زنانه	The blue blouse looked perfect on her.
35	(Shoulder) Bag	A bag carried on the shoulder	بکس شانه‌ای	She carried a leather shoulder bag.
36	Shirt	A piece of clothing worn on the upper body	پیراهن	He wore a white shirt to work.
37	Briefcase	A flat case for carrying papers and files	کیف اداری	The lawyer carried documents in his briefcase.
38	Raincoat	A waterproof coat worn in rain	بارانی	He wore a raincoat because it was raining.
39	Vest	A sleeveless garment worn over a shirt	واسکټ	He wore a vest under his suit jacket.
40	Three-piece Suit	A suit with trousers, jacket, and vest	کت‌وشلوار سه‌تکه	The groom wore a three-piece suit.
41	Pocket	A small pouch sewn into clothes for carrying things	جیب	He put his hands in his pockets.
42	Loafer	A type of slip-on shoe without laces	کفش بدون بند	He bought brown leather loafers.
43	Cap	A soft hat with a visor	کلاه نقاب‌دار	He wore a cap to protect himself from the sun.
44	Glasses	Lenses worn to improve vision	عینک	She wears glasses while reading.
45	Uniform	Special clothing worn by members of an organization	یونیفورم / لباس رسمی	Students must wear their school uniform.
46	Shirt	A top garment with a collar and sleeves	پیراهن	His shirt needs to be ironed.
47	Tie	A long piece of cloth worn around the neck	نک‌تای / کراوات	He wore a red tie to the meeting.
48	Newspaper	Printed pages containing news and articles	روزنامه	He reads the newspaper every morning.
49	Shoe	Footwear made of leather or fabric	کفش	My new shoes are very comfortable.

Welcome, dear students!

Today is the first step of your English-learning journey. In this course, you’ll discover answers to questions like:

How do I introduce myself in English?
How do I speak with confidence in interviews?
How can I understand English movies, YouTube videos, or songs?
How do I write messages, emails, or resumes in English?
How can English help me get a better job or go abroad?

In this class, we will learn step by step:

Alphabets – How to read and write English letters properly.
Speaking Skills – How to talk fluently and clearly.
Writing Skills – How to write sentences, paragraphs, and emails.
Listening Skills – How to understand spoken English.
Grammar & Vocabulary – To build correct sentences confidently.

Homework

Task Type	Homework
Writing	Write 15 sentence and make sure you are highlighting parts of speach
Speaking	Speaking about (My Favorite Food and Why I Love It )

🗓️ Day 4

“An investment in knowledge pays the best interest.” — Benjamin Franklin

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence
41	Captivity	The state of being imprisoned or confined	اسارت	The bird was released after years of captivity.
42	Conspiracy	A secret plan to do something harmful	توطئه، دسیسه	The police uncovered a conspiracy to overthrow the government.
43	Accuse	To say someone has done something wrong	متهم کردن	He was accused of stealing the documents.
44	Accusation	A claim that someone has done something wrong	تهمت، اتهام	The accusation was proven to be false.
45	Accused	A person who is charged with a crime	متهم	The accused appeared in court today.
46	Arise	To get up or come into being	برخاستن، بلند شدن	Problems may arise if we don’t act quickly.
47	Annihilate	To destroy completely	از بین بردن	The enemy forces were annihilated in the battle.
48	Animate	To give life or spirit to something	روح بخشیدن، زنده ساختن	Cartoons use drawings that are animated to move and talk.
49	Area	A region or part of a place	ساحه، منطقه	This area is known for its beautiful landscapes.
50	Amuse	To entertain or make someone laugh	سرگرم ساختن	The clown amused the children with his tricks.
51	Amusement	The state of being entertained or finding something funny	سرگرمی	The park is full of rides and other amusements.
52	Accept	To receive or agree to something	قبول کردن	She accepted the job offer without hesitation.
53	Access	The ability to enter or use something	دسترسی	Students have access to the library until 8 PM.
54	Alien	A foreigner or a being from another world	بیگانه	In the movie, the aliens came from another galaxy. Online movie streaming services
55	Address	A location or to speak to someone	آدرس، خطاب کردن	He gave a short address before the event began.
56	Administrate	To manage or run something	اداره کردن	She administrates the daily operations of the hospital.
57	Administration	The management of an organization	اداره	The school administration decided to change the timetable.
58	Adversity	Difficult or unpleasant situations	بدبختی	He remained strong in the face of adversity.
59	Agricultural	Related to farming or agriculture	زراعتی	The country’s economy is largely agricultural.
60	Almighty	All-powerful, having unlimited power	قادر، توانا	People prayed to the Almighty for protection.

Parts of Speech

In English Grammar, every word has a role in a sentence. These roles are called Parts of Speech.
در گرامر زبان انگلیسی، هر کلمه‌ای در جمله کاری انجام می‌دهد. به این دسته‌بندی‌ها اجزای کلام می‌گویند.

There are 8 main parts of speech:

1. Noun – اسم

A noun is the name of a person, place, thing, or idea.
اسم کلمه‌ای است که برای نامیدن شخص، مکان، چیز یا فکر استفاده می‌شود.
Examples: Ahmad, Kabul, Chair
مثال: احمد، کابل، چوکی

2. Pronoun – ضمیر

A pronoun replaces a noun to avoid repetition.
ضمیر به جای اسم می‌آید تا از تکرار آن جلوگیری کند.
Example: Ahmad is a student. He studies hard.
مثال: احمد محصل است. او سخت مطالعه می‌کند.

3. Verb – فعل

A verb shows an action or a state.
فعل کلمه‌ای است که حالت یا عملی را بیان می‌کند.
Examples: He plays football. | She is happy.
مثال: او فوتبال بازی می‌کند. | او خوشحال است.

4. Adjective – صفت

An adjective describes a noun or pronoun.
صفت چگونگی اسم یا ضمیر را بیان می‌کند.
Example: Samim is a clever boy.
مثال: سمیع یک پسر هوشیار است.

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence
1	Short	Not long in length or height	کوتاه	He wore short pants to play football.
2	Long	Having a great length or duration	دراز، بلند	She has long hair.
3	Tight	Fitting closely to the body	چسپ، تنگ	These jeans are too tight for me.
4	Loose	Not tight or firmly fitted	گشاد، آزاد	He prefers loose shirts in summer.
5	Dirty	Not clean; covered with dirt	چټل	Your shoes are dirty; please clean them.
6	Clean	Free from dirt or marks	پاک	I like to keep my clothes clean.
7	Small	Little in size or amount	کوچک	The small dress doesn’t fit me anymore.
8	Big	Large in size	بزرگ	He bought a big hat for his trip.
9	Light	Pale in color or not heavy	روشن، سبک	She likes wearing light colors in summer.
10	Dark	Having little light or deep in color	تیره	He was wearing a dark blue suit.
11	High	Tall or great in amount	بلند، زیاد	The heels she wore were very high.
12	Low	Not high or tall	پست، کوتاه	The prices are low this season.
13	New	Recently made or bought	نو	I bought a new jacket yesterday.
14	Old	Having lived or existed for a long time	کهنه، قدیمی	He still wears his old coat.
15	Open	Not closed or covered	باز	The shop is open now.
16	Closed	Not open; shut	بسته	The door was closed when I arrived.
17	Striped	Having stripes or bands of color	خط دار	He wore a striped shirt to the party.
18	Checked	With a pattern of squares	چکدار	Her checked skirt looks stylish.
19	Polka dot	Pattern with small round dots	خال‌خالی	She has a polka dot dress.
20	Solid	With one color and no pattern	ساده، یک‌رنگ	He wore a solid blue T-shirt.
21	Print	Having a printed design	چاپی	The dress has a floral print.
22	Plaid	Pattern of crossed horizontal and vertical lines	چهارخانه	He bought a plaid scarf for winter.

Welcome, dear students!

Today is the first step of your English-learning journey. In this course, you’ll discover answers to questions like:

How do I introduce myself in English?
How do I speak with confidence in interviews?
How can I understand English movies, YouTube videos, or songs?
How do I write messages, emails, or resumes in English?
How can English help me get a better job or go abroad?

In this class, we will learn step by step:

Alphabets – How to read and write English letters properly.
Speaking Skills – How to talk fluently and clearly.
Writing Skills – How to write sentences, paragraphs, and emails.
Listening Skills – How to understand spoken English.
Grammar & Vocabulary – To build correct sentences confidently.

Homework

Task Type	Homework
Writing	Write 15 sentence and make sure you are highlighting parts of speach
Speaking	Speaking about (My Favorite Food and Why I Love It )

🗓️ Day 5

“An investment in knowledge pays the best interest.” — Benjamin Franklin

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence
61	Ally	A person or country joined in a partnership	متحد شدن	The two countries allied to fight the common enemy.
62	Almshouse	A house for poor people supported by charity	دارالمساکین	The old man lived in an almshouse after retiring.
63	Agriculture	The practice of farming	زراعت	Agriculture is the backbone of the country’s economy.
64	Banner	A large strip of cloth with a slogan	بیرق	The crowd held banners during the protest.
65	Burst	To explode or break suddenly	انفجار کردن	The balloon burst with a loud pop.
66	Confess	To admit the truth	اقرار کردن	He confessed to the crime during questioning.
67	Certify	To confirm officially	تصدیق کردن	The doctor certified him as medically fit.
68	Combat	Fighting between armed forces	مبارزه کردن	The soldiers were trained in hand-to-hand combat.
69	Combatant	A person engaged in fighting	مبارز	The combatants fought bravely in the war.
70	Capacity	The maximum amount something can hold	ظرفیت، گنجایش	The hall has a seating capacity of 500 people.
71	Catch	To grab or seize something	گرفتن، بدست آوردن	Try to catch the ball before it hits the ground.
72	Celebrate	To observe an event with joy	تجلیل کردن	We celebrated her birthday with cake and music.
73	Commentator	A person who narrates events	صاحب نظر	The sports commentator described the game with great excitement.
74	Centralize	To bring control to a single point	متمرکز ساختن	The government wants to centralize education systems.
75	Cowboy	A person who takes care of cattle	چوپان	The cowboy rode across the field on his horse.
76	Conquer	To take control of something by force	فتح کردن	The army conquered several territories in a week.
77	Controller	Someone who directs or regulates	کنترول کننده	The flight controller gave the landing signal.
78	Content	Satisfied; to please	قناعت دادن	He was content with his final exam results.
79	Contentment	A state of satisfaction	قناعت	She lived a life of peace and contentment.
80	Cookie	A small sweet baked treat	کلچه	I baked a fresh batch of cookies last night.

Parts of Speech

There are 8 main parts of speech:

5. Adverb – قید

An adverb modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb.
قید معنی فعل، صفت یا قید دیگر را کامل می‌سازد.
Examples:

I come safely.
She is very lazy.
He speaks quite correctly

6. Preposition – حرف اضافه

A preposition shows the relationship between a noun/pronoun and other words in the sentence.
حرف اضافه رابطه میان اسم یا ضمیر و کلمات دیگر را نشان می‌دهد.
Example: Ahmad is in the class.
مثال: احمد در صنف است.

7. Conjunction – حرف ربط

A conjunction connects two words, phrases, or sentences.
حرف ربط دو کلمه، عبارت یا جمله را به هم وصل می‌کند.
Example: Ahmad and Salim are brothers, but they don’t study well.
مثال: احمد و سلیم برادر هستند، اما خوب درس نمی‌خوانند.

8. Interjection – حرف ندا

An interjection shows strong or sudden feelings.
حرف ندا برای نشان دادن احساسات یا هیجانات ناگهانی استفاده می‌شود.
Example: Pooh! I hurt myself.
مثال: اخ! خود را زخمی کردم.

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence
1	Rainy	Having a lot of rain	بارانی	It was a rainy day, so we stayed indoors.
2	Cloudy	Covered with clouds	ابری	The sky looks cloudy today.
3	Snowy	Covered with or having a lot of snow	برفی	The mountains are snowy in winter.
4	Sunny	Bright with sunlight	آفتابی	It’s a sunny morning — let’s go for a walk.
5	Thermometer	An instrument for measuring temperature	حرارت‌سنج	The thermometer shows 30 degrees Celsius.
6	Temperature	The degree of heat or cold	درجه حرارت	The temperature is very high today.
7	Hot	Having a high temperature	گرم	It’s too hot to play outside.
8	Warm	Slightly hot or comfortably hot	ملایم، گرم	I like taking a warm shower in the morning.
9	Cool	A little cold but pleasant	خنک	The evening breeze feels cool.
10	Cold	Having a low temperature	سرد	It’s cold outside; wear your jacket.
11	Freezing	Extremely cold	یخ‌بندان، خیلی سرد	The water is freezing; don’t touch it!
12	Foggy	Full of fog; hard to see through	مه‌آلود	The road was foggy early in the morning.
13	Windy	With a lot of wind blowing	باددار	It’s too windy to ride a bicycle today.
14	Dry	Without rain or moisture	خشک	The desert is always dry and hot.
15	Wet	Covered or soaked with water	خیس	My clothes are wet because of the rain.
16	Icy	Covered with ice; very slippery	یخی	Be careful — the road is icy.

Welcome, dear students!

Today is the first step of your English-learning journey. In this course, you’ll discover answers to questions like:

How do I introduce myself in English?
How do I speak with confidence in interviews?
How can I understand English movies, YouTube videos, or songs?
How do I write messages, emails, or resumes in English?
How can English help me get a better job or go abroad?

In this class, we will learn step by step:

Alphabets – How to read and write English letters properly.
Speaking Skills – How to talk fluently and clearly.
Writing Skills – How to write sentences, paragraphs, and emails.
Listening Skills – How to understand spoken English.
Grammar & Vocabulary – To build correct sentences confidently.

Homework

Task Type	Homework
Writing	Write 5 lines to introduce yourself in English.
Speaking	Interduce 1 person of your family you feel He/She is special in your life.

🗓️ Day 6

“Education is not preparation for life; education is life itself.” — John Dewey

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence
81	Corona	A crown-like structure or halo (often solar)	تاج	The corona is visible during a total solar eclipse.
82	Cough	To expel air suddenly from the lungs; an act of coughing	سرفه، سرفه کردن	He had a bad cough all night.
83	Corps	A group or team of people with a specific purpose	هیئت	The medical corps arrived quickly at the disaster site.
84	Correspondent	A journalist or reporter	خبرنگار	The war correspondent sent daily updates from the battlefield.
85	Cooperate	To work together with others	همکاری کردن	We need to cooperate to finish the project on time.
86	Cooperation	The act of working together	همکاری	Their cooperation made the event a big success.
87	Centralize	To bring all parts under one control or center	متمرکز ساختن	The company decided to centralize its customer service.
88	Certainty	Confidence or assurance in something	اطمینان	I can say with certainty that the exam was easy.
89	Cooperator	A person who works together with others	همکار	She’s a reliable and honest cooperator in every task.
90	Collusion	Secret or illegal cooperation for deceitful purposes	دسیسه	The politicians were accused of collusion.
91	Casualty	A person injured or killed in an accident or war	تلفات	There were several casualties after the bombing.
92	Crime	An illegal act	جرم	Theft is considered a serious crime.
93	Criminal	A person who commits crimes	مجرم، جنایت‌کار	The criminal was arrested near the border.
94	Commit	To carry out or perform (usually something wrong)	مرتکب شدن	He committed a serious error in judgment.
95	Common sense	Good and sound practical judgment	عقل سلیم	Use your common sense when making decisions.
96	Case	A particular situation or legal matter	قضیه	The court will hear the case tomorrow.
97	Culminate	To reach the highest point or final stage	به اوج رسیدن	The celebration will culminate in a grand fireworks display.
98	Chieftain	A leader of a tribe or clan	رئیس قبیله	The chieftain made a speech to his people.
99	Council	A group of people who make decisions or give advice	شورا	The city council approved the new budget.
100	Conspirator	A person involved in a secret harmful plan	توطئه‌کننده	The conspirators were arrested for planning the attack.

Articles

Definition:
An article is a word used before a noun or adjective to define or determine them.
حرف تعریف کلمه‌ای است که برای معین ساختن اسم یا صفت استفاده می‌شود.

Example:
The girls are lazy.
دختران تنبل هستند.

Types of Articles – انواع حروف تعریف

Type	Form	Dari Meaning
Definite Article	The	حرف تعریف معین
Indefinite Articles	A / An	حرف‌های تعریف نامعین

1️⃣ Definite Article (The) – حرف تعریف معین

There is only one definite article in English: “The”.
در زبان انگلیسی تنها یک حرف تعریف معین وجود دارد که عبارت از (the) می‌باشد.

When to Use “The” – موارد استفاده

Rule	Example	Dari Explanation
Before things which are unique	The sun, The moon	قبل از اشیائی که یکتا یا بی‌نظیر هستند
Before common nouns	The student, The girl	قبل از اسم‌های عام
Before ordinal numbers	The first class, The second floor	قبل از اعداد وصفی
Before superlative adjectives	The best car, The most clever boy	قبل از شکل عالی صفات

When NOT to Use “The” – مواردی که نباید استفاده شود

Incorrect Usage	Correct Example	Dari Explanation
Before days of the week	Saturday (not The Saturday)	قبل از ایام هفته
Before years or months	2005 / June (not The 2005)	قبل از سال یا ماه‌ها
Before proper names	Ahmad (not The Ahmad)	قبل از نام‌های خاص

Exception:

The is used with geographical names like rivers, oceans, gulfs:
Ex. The Amo River, The Indian Ocean

2️⃣ Indefinite Articles (A / An) – حروف تعریف نامعین

There are two indefinite articles in English: A and An
در زبان انگلیسی دو حرف تعریف نامعین وجود دارد: (a) و (an)

Rules for A / An

Form	Usage Rule	Examples	Dari Explanation
A	Before words beginning with consonants	A chair, A book	قبل از کلمات با حرف بی‌صدا
An	Before words beginning with vowels (a, e, i, o, u)	An apple, An orange	قبل از کلمات با حرف صدا دار

Special Note on “U” Sound – یادداشت ویژه

Sound	Article Used	Example	Dari Explanation
U = “You”	A	A university, A European	اگر حرف (U) صدای (یو) بدهد، از (a) استفاده می‌شود
U = “Uh”	An	An umbrella	اگر حرف (U) صدای (اَ) بدهد، از (an) استفاده می‌شود

‍ Using “A” with Names – با نام‌ها

Rule: “A” before a person’s name indicates a stranger or unknown person.
Ex: A Mr. Samim came here yesterday.
Translation: شخصی بنام صمیم دیروز اینجا آمده بود.

Spring

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence
1	Paint	To cover a surface with color using a brush or roller	رنگ کردن	They decided to paint the walls blue.
2	Clean	To remove dirt or make something neat	پاک کردن، تمیز کردن	She cleans her room every morning.
3	Dig	To make a hole in the ground using a tool	کندن	The workers are digging a hole for the tree.
4	Plant	To put seeds or young plants in the ground to grow	کاشتن	We will plant flowers in the garden tomorrow.

Summer

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence
5	Water	To pour water on plants to help them grow	آب دادن	She waters the plants every morning.
6	Mow	To cut grass using a machine or tool	چمن زدن	He mows the lawn once a week.
7	Pick	To take a flower, fruit, or vegetable from a plant	چیدن	They picked fresh apples from the tree.
8	Trim	To cut small parts to make something neat or tidy	کوتاه کردن، مرتب ساختن	He trimmed the bushes in the garden.

Fall

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence
9	Fill	To make something full	پر کردن	Please fill the bucket with water.
10	Rake	To gather leaves or smooth the ground using a rake	جارو کردن برگ‌ها با چنگک	He raked the leaves in the yard.
11	Chop	To cut something into small pieces with a sharp tool	قطعه قطعه کردن، خرد کردن	She chopped the wood for the fireplace.
12	Push	To move something away from you using force	فشار دادن	He pushed the door to open it.

Winter

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence
13	Shovel	To move or lift something (like dirt or snow) using a shovel	با بیل کندن یا برداشتن	He shoveled the snow from the driveway.
14	Sand	To make a surface smooth using sandpaper	سمباده زدن	The carpenter sanded the wood before painting it.
15	Scrape	To remove something by rubbing it hard with a tool or object	تراشیدن، خراشیدن	She scraped the old paint off the wall.
16	Carry	To hold and take something from one place to another	حمل کردن	He carried the boxes into the house.

✏️ Part 1: Fill in the Blanks with a, an, or the

I saw ___ owl in the tree.
She is reading ___ book.
He has ___ idea.
I need ___ umbrella.
Look at ___ stars in the sky.
There is ___ cat on the wall.
We visited ___ Taj Mahal last year.
I ate ___ orange for breakfast.
He wants to buy ___ house.
She found ___ egg in the basket.

🎯 Part 2: Choose the Correct Article

Circle or tick the correct article:

I want to buy ___ apple.
a) a b) an c) the
___ moon looks beautiful tonight.
a) A b) An c) The
He gave me ___ gift.
a) a b) an c) the
We saw ___ eagle flying high.
a) a b) an c) the
She is wearing ___ yellow dress.
a) a b) an c) the
I live near ___ airport.
a) a b) an c) the
He saw ___ elephant at the zoo.
a) a b) an c) the
They crossed ___ river to reach school.
a) a b) an c) the
___ sun rises in the east.
a) A b) An c) The
She has ___ hour to complete the test.
a) a b) an c) the

✍️ Part 3: Correct the Mistake

Each sentence has a wrong article. Rewrite with the correct one.

She has a orange in her bag.
➤ _____________________________
He is watching an movie.
➤ _____________________________
We went to a Eiffel Tower.
➤ _____________________________
It is an beautiful day.
➤ _____________________________
There was the apple on the table.
➤ _____________________________
He met an teacher at the event.
➤ _____________________________
We saw an tiger at the zoo.
➤ _____________________________
I need an pen.
➤ _____________________________
She has a idea for the project.
➤ _____________________________
They bought a umbrella from the shop.
➤ _____________________________

🗓️ Day 7

“Education is not preparation for life; education is life itself.” — John Dewey

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence
101	Coot	A silly or foolish person	آدم ساده و احمق	That old coot forgot his wallet again.
102	Copper	A reddish-brown metal used in coins and wires	مس	The pipes are made of copper.
103	Ceremony	A formal event or celebration	محفل	The graduation ceremony was beautiful.
104	Ceremonial	Related to or used in a ceremony	تشریفاتی	He wore his ceremonial uniform at the event.
105	Cruel	Causing pain without mercy	ظالم	The ruler was known for his cruel actions.
106	Cruelty	Behavior that causes pain or suffering	ظلم	Animal cruelty is punished by law.
107	Clay	Soft sticky earth used for making pottery	گل	She shaped the clay into a beautiful pot.
108	Claim	To say something is true or yours	ادعا کردن	He claimed the suitcase belonged to him.
109	Clap	To strike hands together to show appreciation	کف زدن	The audience clapped loudly after the performance.
110	Climb	To go up something	بالا شدن	We climbed the mountain before sunset.
111	Clear	Easy to understand; free from doubt or obstruction	واضح	Her instructions were clear and helpful.
112	Clearify*	*(Likely meant “Clarify”) – to make something clear	واضح ساختن	Can you clarify what you meant in the last sentence?
113	Caliph	A Muslim religious and political leader	خلیفه	The Caliph led the empire wisely.
114	Die	To stop living	مردن	The flowers died without water.
115	Death	The end of life	مرگ	We all must face death one day.
116	Dead	No longer alive	مرده	The phone battery is dead.
117	Data	Information collected for analysis	معلومات	The data shows an increase in sales.
118	Discrimination	Unfair treatment based on race, gender, etc.	تبعیض	Discrimination in the workplace is illegal.
119	Disdain	Strong dislike or disrespect	خوار شمردن، عار دانستن	She looked at the idea with disdain.
120	Disability	A physical or mental condition that limits movement	ناتوانی	He didn’t let his disability stop him from succeeding.

Verbs

A verb is a word that shows an action, a state, or an occurrence.
It tells what the subject does, what happens to it, or what it is.

Examples:

I write a letter. (Action)
He is a teacher. (State)
The glass broke. (Occurrence)

In Pashto:
فعل هغه کلمه ده چې عمل، حالت یا پیښه څرګندوي.

Kinds of Verbs

Verbs are mainly divided into two kinds:

Ordinary Verbs (افعال اصلی)
Auxiliary Verbs (افعال کمکی)

1. Ordinary Verbs

Ordinary verbs are those verbs that express an action or state by themselves without needing any helping verb.

Definition:
Ordinary verbs show what a person or thing does, or what happens to them.
افعال اصلی: هغه افعالی دي چې خپله عمل یا حالت څرګندوي او له کوم فعل کمکي سره یوځای نه راځي.

Examples:

She writes a letter.
They play cricket.
I eat rice.
The dog barks.

Ordinary verbs are divided into two main types:

Transitive Verbs (افعال متعدی)
Intransitive Verbs (افعال لازم)

Transitive Verbs

A transitive verb is one that needs an object to complete its meaning.
Example:

I write a letter. (“letter” is the object)
She plays football.

In Pashto:
فعل متعدی هغه فعل دی چې د خپل معنا بشپړولو لپاره مفعول ته اړتیا لري.

Intransitive Verbs

An intransitive verb is one that does not need an object to complete its meaning.
Example:

He sleeps.
The baby cried.

In Pashto:
فعل لازم هغه فعل دی چې مفعول ته اړتیا نه لري.

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence
1	(Head of) Cauliflower	A white vegetable made up of small flower clusters	گل‌کلم	She boiled a head of cauliflower for dinner.
2	Broccoli	A green vegetable with tree-like florets	بروکلی	Broccoli is full of vitamins and minerals.
3	Cabbage	A round vegetable with tightly packed leaves	کلم	Fresh cabbage is used in coleslaw.
4	Brussels Sprouts	Small green vegetables like tiny cabbages	کلم بروکسل	He roasted Brussels sprouts with butter.
5	Watercress	A leafy green with a peppery taste	شاهی	Watercress adds flavor to salads.
6	Lettuce	A green leafy vegetable used in salads	کاهو	She made a sandwich with fresh lettuce.
7	Escarole	A slightly bitter green leaf vegetable	اسکارول	Escarole tastes great in soups.
8	Spinach	A green leafy vegetable rich in iron	اسفناج	Spinach helps keep your blood healthy.
9	Herb(s)	Plants used for flavor or medicine	گیاه معطر	Basil and mint are common herbs.
10	Celery	A green vegetable with long, crunchy stalks	کرفس	Celery is often eaten with peanut butter.
11	Artichoke	A green vegetable with thick leaves and a soft center	کنگر فرنگی	Artichokes are boiled before eating.
12	(Ear of) Corn	A long cob covered with yellow kernels	بلال	He roasted an ear of corn on the fire.
a	Cob	The hard core of an ear of corn	چوب بلال	Throw away the cob after eating the corn.
13	Kidney Bean(s)	Red beans shaped like a kidney	لوبیای قرمز	Kidney beans are used in many curries.
14	Black Bean(s)	Small, dark-colored beans	لوبیای سیاه	Black beans are popular in burritos.
15	String Bean(s)	Long, thin green beans eaten whole	لوبیای سبز	She steamed string beans for dinner.
16	Lima Bean(s)	Flat, pale green beans	لوبیای لیما	Lima beans are creamy when cooked.
17	Pea(s)	Small, round green seeds eaten as vegetables	نخود فرنگی	Add peas to fried rice for color.
a	Pod	The green shell that holds peas or beans	غلاف	Open the pod to get fresh peas.
18	Asparagus	A long, green stalk vegetable	مارچوبه	Grilled asparagus tastes delicious.
19	Tomato(es)	A red, juicy fruit used as a vegetable	گوجه‌فرنگی	Tomatoes are used in salads and sauces.
20	Cucumber(s)	A long, green vegetable with a cool taste	خیار	Cucumber slices are refreshing in summer.
21	Eggplant	A dark purple vegetable with a soft inside	بادمجان	They fried eggplant for lunch.
22	Pepper(s)	A vegetable that can be sweet or spicy	فلفل	Red peppers add color to food.
23	Potato(es)	A round root vegetable with brown skin	کچالو / سیب‌زمینی	Potatoes can be boiled, fried, or baked.
24	Yam	A sweet, orange root vegetable	یام (سیب‌زمینی شیرین)	Yams are rich in vitamins.
25	Garlic	A small bulb with a strong flavor used in cooking	سیر	Garlic adds a wonderful aroma to dishes.
a	Clove	One small section of a garlic bulb	حبه سیر	Add two cloves of garlic to the soup.
26	Pumpkin	A large orange vegetable with thick skin	کدو تنبل	We made pumpkin soup for dinner.
27	Zucchini	A green vegetable similar to a cucumber	کدو سبز	Zucchini can be grilled or fried.
28	Acorn Squash	A small squash shaped like an acorn	کدو آجیلی	Acorn squash tastes sweet when baked.
29	Radish(es)	A small, red and white crunchy root	ترب	Radishes are spicy and crisp.
30	Mushroom(s)	A soft white or brown fungus eaten as food	قارچ	Mushrooms grow best in damp places.
31	Onion(s)	A round vegetable with layers and a strong smell	پیاز	Chopped onions make your eyes water.
32	Carrot(s)	A long orange root vegetable	زردک / هویج	Rabbits love to eat carrots.
33	Beet(s)	A dark red root vegetable	چغندر	Beets are used in salads and soups.
34	Turnip	A round white and purple root vegetable	شلغم	Turnip soup is good for a cold.

📝 Part A — Identify the Verb

Read the following sentences and underline the verbs.
(هر جمله کې فعل پیدا کړئ او ترې کرښه راکش کړئ.)

She sings beautifully.
They play football in the park.
The child is sleeping.
I read an interesting story.
The sun rises in the east.
He is a doctor.
The glass broke suddenly.
We are watching a movie.
She writes every morning.
They are happy today.

🧠 Part B — Identify the Type of Verb

Read each sentence and write whether the verb is Transitive (T) or Intransitive (I).
(جمله ولولئ او ولیکئ چې فعل متعدی دی که لازم.)

No.	Sentence	Type of Verb
1	I eat an apple.
2	She sleeps early.
3	They built a house.
4	The baby cried loudly.
5	We watch movies on weekends.
6	The boy ran fast.
7	He writes a letter.
8	The old man walked slowly.
9	She painted a picture.
10	The dog barked all night.

🧾 Answer Key (for teacher use):

T 2. I 3. T 4. I 5. T 6. I 7. T 8. I 9. T 10. I

💬 Part C — Speaking Practice (Zailearn Oral Drill)

🎤 Practice saying full sentences with the correct verb form.

Example:

Q: What do you do every day?
A: I write in my notebook every day.

Now practice these:

What do you eat for lunch?
When do you sleep?
What game do you play with your friends?
Who teaches you English?
What happens when it rains?
What do you do before sleeping?
What makes you happy?
What do you write in your notebook?
How often do you read books?
What do you do on weekends?

(Students answer using complete sentences to show verb use.)

✍️ Part D — Make Your Own Sentences

Make two sentences for each type of verb:
(د هر ډول فعل لپاره دوه جملې جوړې کړئ.)

Transitive Verbs (افعال متعدی):

Intransitive Verbs (افعال لازم):

Day 8

“Your education is a dress rehearsal for a life that is yours to lead.” — Nora Ephron

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence	Your Example
121	Disdainful	Showing contempt or lack of respect	با غرور	He gave a disdainful glance and walked away.
122	Disgrace	Loss of reputation or honor	بد نام ساختن	He left the company in disgrace after the scandal.
123	Disgraceful	Causing shame or loss of respect	بدنامی	Cheating in exams is a disgraceful act.
124	Disgust	Strong feeling of dislike or disapproval	متنفر ساختن	The smell of the trash disgusted me.
125	Disgusted	Feeling sick or offended by something	متنفر	She was disgusted by his rude comments.
126	Dishearten	To make someone lose hope or confidence	دل‌سرد ساختن	Failure did not dishearten him; he kept trying.
127	Disinherit	To prevent someone from receiving inheritance	از میراث محروم ساختن	He was disinherited after breaking the family rules.
128	Disloyal	Not faithful; betraying trust	خائن، حدشکن، بی‌وفا	A disloyal friend can hurt you deeply.
129	Disobey	To not follow orders or rules	نافرمانی کردن	You will be punished if you disobey the rules.
130	Disobedient	Refusing to follow rules or authority	سرکش، نافرمان‌بردار	The disobedient child ignored his teacher.
131	Dispensation	A special order or permission; a system of rule	سرنوشت	He believed everything happens by divine dispensation.
132	Disprove	To show something is wrong or false	رد کردن	Science can disprove many old beliefs.
133	Disregard	To ignore or pay no attention to	رعایت نکردن	He disregarded the traffic rules.
134	Dissension	Disagreement that causes conflict	اختلاف عقیده، نفاق	The group broke apart due to internal dissension.
135	Dismal	Causing sadness or depression	دلتنگ‌کننده	The weather was dismal all week.
136	Ditch	A narrow hole used for drainage or defense	خندق، حفره، راه‌آب	The car skidded and fell into a ditch.
137	Distribute	To give something to people	تقسیم کردن	Volunteers distributed food to the needy.
138	Distinguish	To recognize the difference between things	فرق کردن	It’s hard to distinguish truth from rumor.
139	Divine	Related to God or extremely good	فعال دیدن (الهی / مقدس)	Many believe love is a divine feeling.
140	Diviner	A person who predicts the future	فعال‌بین	The diviner claimed to see visions of the future.

2. Auxiliary Verbs

Auxiliary verbs are helping verbs used with ordinary verbs to make tenses, voices, and moods.

Definition:
Auxiliary verbs help the main verb to express time (tense), possibility, necessity, or condition.

Kinds of Auxiliary Verbs

Auxiliary verbs are divided into three kinds:

Principal Auxiliary Verbs
Modal Auxiliary Verbs
Semi-Modal Auxiliary Verbs

1. Principal Auxiliary Verbs

Principal auxiliaries are the basic helping verbs used to form tenses and voices.

These include:
👉 Am, Is, Are, Was, Were, Have, Has, Had, Do, Does, Did

Examples:

I am reading a book.
He has finished his work.
They were playing football.
Do you go to school?

Note: These verbs can also act as ordinary verbs.

He is a doctor.
I have a car.

2. Modal Auxiliary Verbs

Modal auxiliaries show possibility, ability, permission, necessity, or advice.
They never change form (do not take -s, -es, or -ed).

List of Modal Auxiliaries:
👉 Can, Could, May, Might, Shall, Should, Will, Would, Must

Can / Could

Can shows ability or possibility.
Could is the past form of can, also used for polite requests.

Examples:

I can swim. (Ability)
He could speak English when he was young. (Past ability)
Could you help me? (Polite request)

May / Might

May shows present possibility or permission.
Might shows past possibility or a weaker chance.

Examples:

It may rain today. (Possibility)
You may come in. (Permission)
He might go to Delhi. (Past possibility)

Shall / Will

Shall and will express future actions or intentions.

Examples:

I shall visit you tomorrow.
He will come soon.

Should / Would

Should gives advice or moral duty, and is also used as the past of shall.
Would shows polite request or past habit.

Examples:

You should respect your parents. (Advice)
I would go to the park every evening. (Past habit)
Would you please pass me the book? (Polite request)

Must

Must shows necessity, obligation, or strong advice.

Examples:

You must attend the class. (Obligation)
We must be honest. (Strong advice)

3. Semi-Modal Auxiliary Verbs

Semi-modals are verbs that behave partly like modal verbs and partly like ordinary verbs.

List of Semi-Modal Auxiliaries:
👉 Ought to, Used to, Need to, Dare to, Have to, Be able to

Ought to

Used to express moral duty or advice.
Examples:

You ought to help the poor.
We ought to respect our elders.

Used to

Shows past habits or repeated actions that no longer happen.
Examples:

I used to play football when I was a child.
She used to live in Mumbai.

Need to

Shows necessity or requirement.
Examples:

You need to study more.
We need to arrive on time.

Dare to

Shows courage or boldness to do something.
Examples:

He dared to speak the truth.
I don’t dare to lie.

Have to / Has to / Had to

Shows obligation or compulsion similar to must, but used according to tense.

Examples:

I have to work hard. (Present)
He has to pay the fee. (Present)
We had to leave early. (Past)

Be able to

Shows ability in different tenses (replaces can when tense changes).
Examples:

I am able to swim. (Present)
I was able to win the match. (Past)
I will be able to solve it. (Future)

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence
1	(A bunch of) Grapes	A group of small, round fruits growing together on a stem	یک خوشه انگور	She bought a bunch of grapes from the market.
2	Apple	A round fruit with red, green, or yellow skin	سیب	An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
a	Stem	The part of a fruit or plant that connects it to the main branch	ساقه	The stem of the apple is short and brown.
b	Core	The central part of a fruit that contains seeds	هسته / مغز میوه	Don’t eat the apple core.
3	Coconut	A large fruit with a hard shell and white flesh inside	نارگیل	Coconut water is very refreshing in summer.
4	Pineapple	A tropical fruit with rough skin and sweet yellow flesh	آناناس	Pineapple juice is sweet and tangy.
5	Mango	A soft, sweet tropical fruit with yellow or orange flesh	آم	Mango is known as the king of fruits.
6	Papaya	A tropical fruit with orange flesh and black seeds	پاپایا	Papaya is good for digestion.

Citrus fruits

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence
7	Grapefruit	A large, round, sour fruit similar to an orange but more bitter	چکوتره	She drinks a glass of grapefruit juice every morning.
8	Orange	A round, sweet citrus fruit with thick orange skin	نارنج / پرتقال	I like to eat an orange after lunch.
a	Section	One of the small parts that make up an orange or grapefruit	قاچ / قسمت	Each section of the orange is full of juice.
b	Rind	The outer skin of a fruit like an orange or lemon	پوست / پوست ضخیم	The orange rind smells fresh and strong.
c	Seed	The small part inside a fruit that can grow into a new plant	تخم / دانه	This orange has too many seeds.
9	Lemon	A yellow citrus fruit with a sour taste	لیمو زرد	Add some lemon to your tea for flavor.
10	Lime	A small, green citrus fruit with a sour taste	لیمو ترش	Fresh lime juice is used in many drinks.

Berries

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence
11	Gooseberries	Small green or red berries with a sour taste, used in jams and desserts.	انگور فرنگی	She made gooseberry jam at home.
12	Blackberries	Dark purple or black berries that are sweet and juicy.	توت سیاه	We picked blackberries from the garden.
13	Cranberries	Small red berries with a sharp taste, often used in juice or sauce.	کرن بری	She drinks cranberry juice every morning.
14	Blueberries	Small, round, blue fruits that are sweet and full of vitamins.	بلوبری	Blueberries are good for your brain.
15	Strawberry	A soft red fruit with tiny seeds on its surface.	توت فرنگی	I love eating fresh strawberries with cream.
16	Raspberries	Small red or pink berries made up of many tiny parts.	تمشک	He put raspberries on top of the cake.
17	Nectarine	A smooth-skinned fruit similar to a peach.	شلیل	She bought nectarines from the fruit shop.
18	Pear	A sweet, juicy fruit with a round bottom and narrow top.	ناک	He peeled a pear for his breakfast.
19	Cherries	Small, round fruits with red skin and a seed inside.	گیلاس	She decorated the ice cream with cherries.
20	(A bunch of) Bananas	A long, yellow tropical fruit that grows in clusters.	یک دسته موز	The monkey was eating a bunch of bananas.
a	Peel	The outer skin of a fruit; to remove the skin.	پوست، پوست کندن	Please peel the banana before eating.

Dried Fruits

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence
21	Fig	A soft, sweet fruit with many tiny seeds inside and a thin skin.	انجیر	Fresh figs are delicious with honey.
22	Prune	A dried plum, usually eaten as a snack or for digestion.	آلوبخارا	She eats prunes every morning to stay healthy.
23	Date	A sweet brown fruit from the date palm tree, often dried.	خرما	Dates are popular during Ramadan.
24	Raisin(s)	Dried grapes used in cakes, sweets, or snacks.	کشمش	He added raisins to the oatmeal.
25	Apricot	A small orange fruit with soft flesh and a single seed inside.	زردآلو	She bought fresh apricots from the market.
26	Watermelon	A large green fruit with red juicy flesh and black seeds.	تربوز	We shared a big watermelon on a hot day.

Nuts

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence
27	Cashew(s)	A curved, creamy nut often eaten roasted or used in sweets.	کاجو	She topped the curry with roasted cashews.
28	Peanut(s)	A small nut that grows underground, used in snacks and butter.	بادام‌زمینی	He ate salted peanuts while watching TV.
29	Walnut(s)	A large brown nut with a hard shell and rich flavor.	چارمغز	Walnuts are good for the brain.
30	Hazelnut(s)	A small round nut with a smooth brown shell.	فندق	Hazelnuts are used in chocolate spread.
31	Almond(s)	A flat, oval nut often used in sweets and milk.	بادام	She drinks almond milk every day.
32	Chestnut(s)	A brown nut that can be roasted and eaten warm.	شاه‌بلوط	We roasted chestnuts on a cold evening.
33	Avocado	A green fruit with soft flesh and a large seed inside.	آووکادو	Avocado is often used to make guacamole.
34	Plum	A small, sweet fruit with purple or red skin.	آلو	She picked ripe plums from the tree.
35	Honeydew Melon	A sweet, pale green melon with smooth skin.	خربزه سبز	He served honeydew melon slices after lunch.
36	Cantaloupe	A round melon with orange flesh and a net-like skin.	خربزه نارنجی	The cantaloupe smelled sweet and fresh.
37	Peach	A soft, round fruit with fuzzy skin and a sweet taste.	شفتالو	She ate a juicy peach for breakfast.
a	Pit	The hard seed found inside fruits like peaches or cherries.	هسته	Don’t bite the pit inside the cherry.
b	Skin	The outer covering of a fruit or vegetable.	پوست	Wash the skin of apples before eating.

📝 Part A — Identify the Auxiliary Verbs

Read the sentences and underline the auxiliary verbs.
(په لاندې جملو کې فعل کمکی وپیژنئ او ترې کرښه راکش کړئ.)

I am reading a story.
She has finished her homework.
They were playing in the garden.
Do you go to school every day?
He is a teacher.
I have a new car.
We had eaten before sunset.
Does she live in Kabul?
They are learning English.
Was he late for class?

🧠 Part B — Identify the Kind of Auxiliary Verb

Write Principal (P), Modal (M), or Semi-Modal (S) for each sentence.
(د هر جملې لپاره ولیکئ چې فعل کمکی کوم ډول دی.)

No.	Sentence	Type
1	I can swim well.
2	She may come tomorrow.
3	They have finished the project.
4	You should help your friends.
5	He used to play football.
6	We must attend the meeting.
7	I am able to finish it on time.
8	They will visit next week.
9	You need to work harder.
10	He had to leave early.

🧾 Answer Key (for teacher use):

M 2. M 3. P 4. M 5. S 6. M 7. S 8. M 9. S 10. S

💬 Part C — Speaking Practice (Zailearn Oral Drill)

🎤 Answer using full sentences with correct auxiliary verbs.

Example:
Q: What are you doing now?
A: I am studying my grammar lesson.

Now practice these speaking questions:

What can you do very well?
What must you do every day?
What should students do before exams?
Where will you go this weekend?
What may happen if it rains?
What were you doing yesterday evening?
What do you have to do tomorrow?
What are you able to cook?
What did you use to play as a child?
Who needs to wake up early in your family?

✍️ Part D — Fill in the Blanks

Complete each sentence with the correct auxiliary verb.
(جملې د مناسب فعل کمکی سره بشپړې کړئ.)

She ____ reading a novel.
They ____ finished their work.
____ you help me, please?
We ____ to go now.
He ____ pay attention in class.
I ____ speak English when I was 10.
You ____ be careful while driving.
They ____ studying for two hours.
I ____ to arrive early tomorrow.
She ____ able to solve the question.

🧾 Answer Key (for teacher use):

is 2. have 3. Could 4. have 5. must 6. could 7. should 8. are 9. need 10. is

✍️ Part E — Make Your Own Sentences

Write one example for each auxiliary verb below.
(د لاندې افعالو لپاره خپله یوه جمله جوړه کړئ.)

Auxiliary Verb	Your Sentence
Can	___________________________
May	___________________________
Will	___________________________
Must	___________________________
Should	___________________________
Used to	___________________________
Have to	___________________________
Be able to	___________________________
Need to	___________________________
Dare to	___________________________

Day 9

“The capacity to learn is a gift; the ability to learn is a skill; the willingness to learn is a choice.” — Haseebullah Yousufzai

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence
141	Dominate	To control or have power over something or someone	تسلط داشتن، حکمفرما بودن	The stronger team dominated the match.
142	Dominance	Power and influence over others	سلطه، چیرگی	The company maintains dominance in the tech industry.
143	Domestic	Related to home or within a country	داخلی، خانگی	They adopted a domestic cat from the shelter.
144	Double entendre	A phrase with two meanings, usually one risqué	سخن دو پهلو	The comedian used a clever double entendre in his joke.
145	Doubter	A person who lacks faith or confidence	شک‌ کننده، بی‌اعتماد	A doubter never fully commits to the plan.
146	Drone	A flying device or someone who works without enthusiasm	طیاره بی‌سرنشین، تنبل	The drone captured aerial footage of the event.
147	Doubt	Lack of certainty or belief	شک، تردید	I have doubts about his story.
148	Doubtful	Uncertain or unsure	مشکوک، تردیدآمیز	It’s doubtful that he will arrive on time.
149	Dishonour	Loss of respect or reputation	بی‌احترامی، بی‌آبرویی	Lying brought great dishonour to his family.
150	Disintegrate	To break into small parts or fall apart	از هم پاشیدن	The old book began to disintegrate in my hands.
151	Disintegration	The process of breaking apart	فروپاشی	The disintegration of the empire happened rapidly.
152	Electioneering	The act of trying to get votes in an election	تبلیغات انتخاباتی	Politicians are busy with electioneering before the polls.
153	Embassy	A building where diplomats work for their country	سفارتخانه	He works at the British embassy in Kabul.
154	Earthly	Related to the world rather than the spiritual	دنیوی، زمینی	He gave up all earthly pleasures to become a monk.
155	Elite	A group of people with power and influence	نخبگان، برگزیدگان	Only the elite attend that private university.
156	Eloquent	Fluent and persuasive in speaking or writing	بلیغ، فصیح	She gave an eloquent speech at the ceremony.
157	Eloquence	Skill in speaking or writing persuasively	فصاحت، سخنوری	His eloquence impressed the audience.
158	Empirical	Based on observation or experience rather than theory	تجربی	The study is based on empirical data from years of research.
159	Emulate	To imitate or try to match someone’s success	تقلید کردن، هم‌چشمی کردن	He tried to emulate his father’s leadership.
160	Endless	Having no end; infinite	بی‌پایان، نامحدود	They had endless conversations during the trip.

Regular and Irregular Verbs (افعال با قاعده و بی‌قاعده)

A verb has three forms:
یک فعل سه شکل دارد: ساده، گذشته، و حالت سوم (اسم مفعول)

Simple	Past	Past Participle
See	Saw	Seen
Talk	Talked	Talked
Play	Played	Played

Types of Verbs by Form (انواع افعال از لحاظ شکل)

Verbs are divided into two types:
افعال از لحاظ شکل به دو دسته تقسیم می‌شوند:

Regular Verbs (افعال با قاعده)
Irregular Verbs (افعال بی‌قاعده)

1. Regular Verbs (افعال با قاعده)

Regular verbs are those that form their past and past participle by adding (d) or (ed) to the end of the simple form.
افعال با قاعده آن دسته افعالی هستند که حالت گذشته و سوم خود را با اضافه کردن (d) یا (ed) در آخر شکل ساده به‌دست می‌آورند.

Simple	Past	Past Participle
Play	Played	Played
Like	Liked	Liked
Invite	Invited	Invited

2. Irregular Verbs (افعال بی‌قاعده)

Irregular verbs are those that do not follow any fixed rule for forming their past and past participle forms.
افعال بی‌قاعده آنهایی هستند که هیچ قاعدهٔ خاصی برای ساختن شکل گذشته و حالت سوم خود ندارند.

Simple	Past	Past Participle
See	Saw	Seen
Go	Went	Gone
Say	Said	Said
Bite	Bit	Bitten

Rules for Adding (d) or (ed)

قواعد اضافه نمودن (d) یا (ed)

Rule No.	Rule (English)	Persian Explanation	Examples
1	Verbs ending in (e) or double (ee) only add (d).	افعالیکه به (e) یا (ee) ختم شده باشند فقط (d) می‌گیرند.	Injure → Injured Agree → Agreed
2	Verbs ending in (y) after a consonant: change y → i and add (ed).	اگر (y) بعد از حرف بی‌صدا باشد، y به i تبدیل شده و ed اضافه می‌گردد.	Study → Studied Try → Tried
3	Verbs ending in (y) after a vowel: just add (ed) without change.	اگر قبل از (y) حرف صدادار باشد، فقط (ed) اضافه می‌شود.	Play → Played Pray → Prayed
4	One-syllable verbs ending in a consonant after a vowel: double the last consonant + (ed).	افعال یک‌هجایی که به حرف بی‌صدا ختم شوند و قبل از آن صدادار باشد، حرف آخر را دوبرابر کرده و ed اضافه می‌شود.	Stop → Stopped Drop → Dropped

Top 50 Common Irregular Verbs — افعال بی‌قاعده معمولی

No.	Base / Simple Form (شکل ساده)	Past Form (گذشته)	Past Participle (اسم مفعول)	Meaning (معنی)
1	be	was / were	been	بودن
2	become	became	become	شدن
3	begin	began	begun	آغاز کردن
4	break	broke	broken	شکستن
5	bring	brought	brought	آوردن
6	build	built	built	ساختن
7	buy	bought	bought	خریدن
8	catch	caught	caught	گرفتن / دستگیر کردن
9	choose	chose	chosen	انتخاب کردن
10	come	came	come	آمدن
11	cost	cost	cost	قیمت داشتن
12	cut	cut	cut	بریدن
13	do	did	done	انجام دادن
14	draw	drew	drawn	کشیدن (نقاشی)
15	drink	drank	drunk	نوشیدن
16	drive	drove	driven	راندن (موتر)
17	eat	ate	eaten	خوردن
18	fall	fell	fallen	افتادن
19	feel	felt	felt	احساس کردن
20	find	found	found	پیدا کردن
21	fly	flew	flown	پرواز کردن
22	forget	forgot	forgotten	فراموش کردن
23	get	got	got / gotten	گرفتن / رسیدن
24	give	gave	given	دادن
25	go	went	gone	رفتن
26	grow	grew	grown	رشد کردن
27	have	had	had	داشتن
28	hear	heard	heard	شنیدن
29	hold	held	held	نگه داشتن
30	keep	kept	kept	نگه داشتن / حفظ کردن
31	know	knew	known	دانستن / شناختن
32	learn	learnt / learned	learnt / learned	آموختن
33	leave	left	left	ترک کردن / رفتن
34	lend	lent	lent	قرض دادن
35	lose	lost	lost	گم کردن / از دست دادن
36	make	made	made	ساختن
37	meet	met	met	ملاقات کردن
38	pay	paid	paid	پرداختن
39	put	put	put	گذاشتن
40	read	read	read	خواندن
41	run	ran	run	دویدن
42	say	said	said	گفتن
43	see	saw	seen	دیدن
44	sell	sold	sold	فروختن
45	send	sent	sent	فرستادن
46	sit	sat	sat	نشستن
47	sleep	slept	slept	خوابیدن
48	speak	spoke	spoken	صحبت کردن
49	take	took	taken	گرفتن / بردن
50	write	wrote	written	نوشتن

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence
1	Deli Counter	The section of a store where meats, cheeses, and salads are sold.	پیشخوان خوراک سرد	She ordered some turkey from the deli counter.
2	Frozen Foods	Foods kept at very low temperatures to stay fresh.	خوراک یخ‌زده	The frozen foods are kept in the back of the store.
3	Freezer	A machine or part of a fridge used to keep food frozen.	فریزر	Put the ice cream in the freezer.
4	Dairy Products	Foods made from milk, such as cheese, yogurt, and butter.	محصولات لبنی	He avoids dairy products because of allergies.
5	Milk	A white liquid produced by cows and used as a drink or in food.	شیر	I drink a glass of milk every morning.
6	Shelf	A flat surface used to store or display items.	طاقچه / قفسه	The shelves were full of canned goods.
7	Scale	A device used to measure the weight of something.	ترازو	The scale showed the exact weight of the apples.
8	Shopping Basket	A small basket used to carry items while shopping.	سبد خرید	She carried a shopping basket instead of a cart.
9	Produce	Fresh fruits and vegetables sold in a market.	محصولات تازه / میوه و سبزی	The produce section smelled fresh and clean.
10	Aisle	A passage between rows of shelves in a store.	راهرو	The cereal is in the third aisle.
11	Baked Goods	Items like bread, cakes, and pastries made by baking.	خوراک‌های پخته‌شده	The baked goods smelled delicious.
12	Bread	A basic food made from flour and baked in an oven.	نان	I bought a loaf of bread from the bakery.
13	Canned Goods	Foods that are preserved and stored in metal containers.	خوراک‌های کنسروی	We keep canned goods for emergencies.
14	Beverages	Drinks such as water, juice, coffee, and soda.	نوشیدنی‌ها	The fridge is full of cold beverages.
15	Household Items	Things used daily at home like soap, paper, and cleaners.	لوازم خانگی / وسایل منزل	She bought some household items like detergent.
16	Bin	A large container for holding items or waste.	سطل / جعبه	Throw the trash in the bin.
17	Customer	A person who buys goods or services.	مشتری	The customer paid with a credit card.
18	Snacks	Small amounts of food eaten between meals.	خوراکی / میان‌وعده	I bought some snacks for the trip.
19	Shopping Cart	A wheeled cart used to carry groceries while shopping.	ترالی خرید	She filled her shopping cart with fruits and vegetables.
20	Receipt	A paper showing proof of payment.	رسید	Keep the receipt in case you want to return something.
21	Cash Register	A machine used by stores to record sales and store money.	صندوق فروش	The cash register printed my bill.
22	Cashier	A person who takes payment from customers in a store.	صندوق‌دار	The cashier smiled as she handed me the change.
23	Conveyor Belt	A moving belt that carries goods to the cashier.	نوار نقاله	Place your groceries on the conveyor belt.
24	Groceries	Items of food and other goods bought in a store.	مواد خوراکی	He carried the groceries home in bags.
25	Bag	A container used to carry or store things.	کیسه	She packed the vegetables in a bag.
26	Checkout Counter	The place where you pay for the things you buy.	پیشخوان پرداخت	The line at the checkout counter was long.
27	Check	A written order directing a bank to pay money.	چک	He paid for the groceries by check.

📝 Part A — Identify the Verb Type

Write Regular (R) or Irregular (I) beside each verb.
(تشخیص دهید که فعل با قاعده است یا بی‌قاعده.)

No.	Verb	Type
1	Play
2	Go
3	Talk
4	Eat
5	Like
6	Drink
7	Work
8	See
9	Jump
10	Write

🧾 Answer Key:

R 2. I 3. R 4. I 5. R 6. I 7. R 8. I 9. R 10. I

✍️ Part B — Fill in the Correct Verb Form

Write the past and past participle forms of each verb.
(شکل گذشته و سوم هر فعل را بنویسید.)

No.	Simple	Past	Past Participle
1	Play	______	______
2	Go	______	______
3	Study	______	______
4	See	______	______
5	Try	______	______
6	Write	______	______
7	Stop	______	______
8	Say	______	______
9	Plan	______	______
10	Eat	______	______

🧾 Answer Key (for teacher use):

Played / Played 2. Went / Gone 3. Studied / Studied 4. Saw / Seen 5. Tried / Tried 6. Wrote / Written 7. Stopped / Stopped 8. Said / Said 9. Planned / Planned 10. Ate / Eaten

📖 Part C — Rule Application Practice

Choose the correct rule number for each word change.
(د لاندې افعالو لپاره د قاعدې شمېره ولیکئ.)

No.	Example	Rule No.
1	Agree → Agreed	1
2	Study → Studied
3	Play → Played
4	Stop → Stopped
5	Try → Tried

🧾 Answer Key:
2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 5. 2

💬 Part D — Speaking Questions (Zailearn Oral Practice)

🎤 Practice these in pairs or in class. Use verbs in correct past or participle forms.

What did you do yesterday evening?
Have you ever seen a rainbow?
What games did you play when you were a child?
Have you gone to another city recently?
What food did you eat last night?
Have you ever written a poem or a story?
What subject did you study yesterday?
Have you ever tried something new this week?
What book have you read recently?
What sport have you played this month?

🧩 Part E — Sentence Building Practice

Make sentences using each verb in the correct form.
(د هر فعل لپاره یوه جمله جوړه کړئ.)

Verb	Your Sentence
Play	___________________________
Go	___________________________
Study	___________________________
See	___________________________
Write	___________________________
Eat	___________________________
Stop	___________________________
Try	___________________________
Say	___________________________
Work	___________________________

📘 Part F — Mixed Practice Challenge

Choose the correct form of the verb in parentheses.
(د لاندې جملو لپاره د قوسونو فعل سم شکل وټاکئ.)

I (go / went) to the market yesterday.
She has (write / written) a letter to her friend.
They (play / played) football last Sunday.
He has (see / saw) that movie before.
We (stop / stopped) at the station.
I have (eat / ate) breakfast already.
She (study / studied) English last night.
The children have (try / tried) their best.
He (say / said) hello to me in the morning.
I (work / worked) hard yesterday.

🧾 Answer Key:

went 2. written 3. played 4. seen 5. stopped 6. eaten 7. studied 8. tried 9. said 10. worked

Day 10

“The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet.” — Aristotle

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence
161	Endow	To give a large gift, often money or property	وقف کردن	The university was endowed with a new science lab.
162	Enlighten	To give knowledge or understanding	روشن ساختن	The teacher enlightened us on the topic of world history.
163	Enough	As much or as many as needed	کافی	I have enough time to finish my homework.
164	Enrage	To make very angry	خشمگین ساختن	His rude behavior enraged the manager.
165	Ensnare	To trap or catch	به دام انداختن	The bird was ensnared in the hunter’s net.
166	Enslave	To make someone a slave	غلام ساختن	The enemy enslaved many innocent people during the war.
167	Entreat	To beg or plead seriously	عذرخواهی کردن / التماس کردن	He entreated the judge for mercy.
168	Entangle	To twist together; to get caught	گرفتار کردن	Her hair got entangled in the necklace.
169	Evident	Clearly seen or understood	واضح، معلوم، آشکار	The mistake was evident to everyone in the room.
170	Evidence	Proof or facts to support something	شهادت دادن / مدرک	The police found new evidence at the crime scene.
171	Element	A basic or essential part of something	عنصر، جزء	Water is made of two elements: hydrogen and oxygen.
172	Escape	To get away from a place or situation	فرار کردن	The prisoner tried to escape through the window.
173	Deadlock	A situation where no progress can be made	راه‌بندی / بن‌بست	The talks ended in a deadlock with no agreement.
174	Debilitate	To weaken or make feeble	ضعیف ساختن	The disease debilitated him quickly.
175	Debility	Physical or mental weakness	ضعف	After his illness, he suffered from long-term debility.
176	Decapitate	To cut off someone’s head	سربریدن	The criminal was decapitated in ancient times as punishment.
177	Deceive	To trick or mislead	فریب دادن	He deceived her with false promises.
178	Dedicate	To give time or effort with loyalty	وقف کردن، فداکاری	She dedicated her life to helping the poor.
179	Deed	An official document or action	سند، قباله، کردار	He signed the deed to transfer ownership of the house.
180	Deem	To consider or judge something in a particular way	پنداشتن، فرض کردن	The law is deemed unfair by many people.

To Be Verbs

What are “To Be” Verbs?

“To be” verbs are used to show a state or condition in a sentence.
افعال بودن افعالی هستند که جهت نشان دادن حالت در جمله‌ها به کار می‌روند.

Common “To Be” Verbs:

Am, Is, Are, Was, Were
افعال رایج بودن عبارتند از:
Am – Is – Are (حال)
Was – Were (گذشته)

Present Tense – حال ساده

Subject	Verb	فارسی
I	am	من هستم
You	are	شما هستید
We	are	ما هستیم
They	are	آنها هستند
He	is	او (مذکر) است
She	is	او (مونث) است
It	is	آن (بی‌جان) است

Examples:

I am a boy.
من یک پسر هستم.
He is a student.
او یک محصل است.

Past Tense – گذشته ساده

Subject	Verb	فارسی
I	was	من بودم
You	were	شما بودید
We	were	ما بودیم
They	were	آنها بودند
He	was	او (مذکر) بود
She	was	او (مونث) بود
It	was	آن (بی‌جان) بود

Examples:

I was a student.
من یک محصل بودم.
You were students.
شما محصلان بودید.

How to Make Questions with “To Be” Verbs?

To make a question, bring the to be verb to the beginning of the sentence.
در سوال، فعل بودن را به اول جمله می‌آوریم.

Example:

He is a student. → Is he a student?
او یک محصل است؟

How to Make Negative Sentences?

Add “not” directly after the to be verb.
برای منفی ساختن، فقط کلمه “not” را بعد از فعل بودن می‌آوریم.

Example:

He is a student. → He is not a student.
او یک محصل نیست.

Tip for Students:
Learning “to be” verbs is your first step in building clear English sentences. Practice making affirmative, negative, and question forms with every pronoun!

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence
1	Mustard	A yellow spicy sauce made from mustard seeds, used with sandwiches or hot dogs.	خردل	He added mustard to his sandwich.
2	Hot Dog	A cooked sausage served in a sliced bun.	هات‌داگ	I ordered a hot dog with ketchup and mustard.
3	Baked Beans	Beans cooked in sauce, often eaten with breakfast or meat.	لوبیای پخته	We had baked beans with toast.
4	Potato Chips	Thin slices of potato fried until crispy.	چیپس سیب‌زمینی	She ate a bag of potato chips while watching TV.
5	Pancakes	Flat, round cakes made from batter and cooked on a pan.	پنکیک	We had pancakes with syrup for breakfast.
6	Syrup	A thick, sweet liquid used on pancakes or desserts.	شربت غلیظ	Pour some syrup on your pancakes.
7	Bun	A small round piece of bread, often used for burgers or sandwiches.	نان گرد کوچک	The hamburger was served on a sesame bun.
8	Pickle	A cucumber preserved in vinegar or brine.	خیارشور	I like a pickle on my burger.
9	Hamburger	A sandwich made of ground beef served inside a bun.	همبرگر	He ordered a hamburger and fries.
10	Spaghetti	Long, thin pasta usually served with sauce.	اسپاگتی	We had spaghetti with tomato sauce for dinner.
11	Meatballs	Small balls of minced meat cooked in sauce.	کوفته گوشت	The meatballs were soft and tasty.
12	Salad Dressing	A sauce added to salads for flavor.	سس سالاد	Add some salad dressing to your tossed salad.
13	Tossed Salad	A mixture of raw vegetables served with dressing.	سالاد مخلوط	The tossed salad was colorful and fresh.
14	Beef Stew	A dish made by slowly cooking beef and vegetables together.	خوراک گوشت گاو	The beef stew was rich and delicious.
15	Pork Chops	Thick pieces of pork cooked by grilling or frying.	گوشت خوک بریده	He grilled pork chops for dinner.
16	Mixed Vegetables	Different kinds of vegetables cooked or served together.	سبزیجات مخلوط	The mixed vegetables were steamed perfectly.
17	Mashed Potatoes	Boiled potatoes crushed and mixed with butter or milk.	پوره سیب‌زمینی	We had mashed potatoes with gravy.
18	Butter	A yellow dairy product made from milk or cream.	کره	Spread some butter on the toast.
19	Roll	A small round piece of bread.	نان رول	She served warm rolls with dinner.
20	Baked Potato	A whole potato cooked in the oven.	سیب‌زمینی پخته	He topped the baked potato with butter and cheese.
21	Steak	A thick slice of meat, usually beef, cooked by grilling or frying.	استیک	He ordered a medium-rare steak.
22	Cookies	Small, sweet baked treats.	بیسکویت / کوکی	She baked chocolate chip cookies.
23	Sundae	A dessert made with ice cream, syrup, and toppings.	بستنی سان‌دی	The chocolate sundae looked amazing.
24	Taco	A Mexican dish made with a folded tortilla filled with meat or beans.	تاکو	I had a spicy chicken taco.
25	Egg Roll	A fried roll filled with vegetables or meat, common in Chinese food.	رول تخم‌مرغ	We ordered egg rolls as an appetizer.
26	Strawberry Shortcake	A dessert made with cake, strawberries, and whipped cream.	کیک توت‌فرنگی	She made strawberry shortcake for dessert.
27	Biscuit	A small, soft bread roll often eaten with butter or jam.	بیسکویت نرم / نان شیرینی	I had a biscuit with tea.
28	French Fries	Long, thin pieces of fried potato.	سیب‌زمینی سرخ‌کرده	He loves French fries with ketchup.
29	Fried Chicken	Chicken cooked in hot oil until crispy.	مرغ سرخ‌شده	We had fried chicken for lunch.
30	Pizza	A flatbread topped with sauce, cheese, and other ingredients.	پیتزا	Let’s order a pizza tonight.
31	Jelly	A sweet, smooth fruit spread.	ژله / مربا	She spread jelly on her toast.
32	(Sunnyside-up) Egg	An egg fried on one side with the yolk visible.	تخم‌مرغ نیم‌رو	I like sunnyside-up eggs for breakfast.
33	Bacon	Thin slices of salted, fried pork.	بیکن	Bacon and eggs make a classic breakfast.
34	Toast	Slices of bread browned by heat.	نان تست	He had toast with butter.
35	Coffee	A hot drink made from roasted coffee beans.	قهوه	I drink coffee every morning.
36	Ice Cream Cone	Ice cream served in a cone-shaped wafer.	بستنی قیفی	The child enjoyed an ice cream cone in the park.

Class Practice – To Be Verbs (Am, Is, Are, Was, Were)

✅ Part 1: Fill in the blanks with the correct “to be” verb

I ___ a student.
He ___ a doctor.
They ___ my friends.
She ___ very smart.
We ___ in the classroom.
It ___ a book.
You ___ ready.

✅ Part 2: Change into Negative Sentences

He is a teacher. → __________________________
I am happy. → __________________________
They are in the garden. → __________________________

✅ Part 3: Change into Questions

She is a nurse. → __________________________
They are tired. → __________________________
You are my classmate. → __________________________

Day 11

“The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet.” — Aristotle

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence	Your Example
181	Defy	To resist or challenge openly	تحریک جنگ کردن	The protesters defied the government’s orders.
182	Defensive	Used or intended to protect	دفاعی	The army took a defensive position near the border.
183	Degrade	To lower in rank or quality	تنزیل رتبه	He was degraded for misconduct in the military.
184	Demoralize	To weaken confidence or spirit	بی‌روحیه ساختن	The constant criticism demoralized the students.
185	Dependable	Reliable or trustworthy	قابل اعتماد	He is a dependable employee who never misses a deadline.
186	Depart	To leave or go away	راهی شدن، حرکت کردن	The train departs at 6 AM.
187	Depose	To remove from power or office	برطرف کردن، خلع کردن	The king was deposed after the revolution.
188	Desperate	Feeling hopeless or in urgent need	ناچار، ناامید	She was desperate to find a job.
189	Detach	To separate or remove	جدا کردن، رها کردن	He detached the phone from the charger.
190	Detestable	Hateful or deserving strong dislike	نفرت‌انگیز	Lying and cheating are detestable behaviors.
191	Devil	An evil spirit or person	شیطان	People believed the devil caused bad things to happen.
192	Devote	To give time, energy, or resources for a cause	وقف کردن، فداکار	She devoted her life to helping the poor.
193	Devoted	Loyal or deeply dedicated	علاقمند، فدائی	He was a devoted father and husband.
194	Devilish	Evil, cruel, or mischievous	شیطان‌صفت	He came up with a devilish plan to trick them.
195	Detachment	A small military unit or the state of being separate	دسته، قسمت قرارگاه	A detachment of soldiers arrived at the camp.
196	Diesel	A type of fuel used in engines	دیزل	This truck runs on diesel instead of petrol.
197	Dignity	The state of being respected and honorable	مقام، عزت نفس	She carried herself with grace and dignity.
198	Dignitary	A person with high rank or position	شخصیت، عالی‌مقام	Many dignitaries attended the international summit.
199	Diligent	Hard-working and careful	کوشا، لایق	She is a diligent student who always completes her work on time.
200	Disarrange	To put out of order; make messy	نامنظم کردن	The wind disarranged all the papers on the desk.

To Do Verbs

Definition:
To do verbs are those which are used to show performing of an action in a sentence.
افعال انجام دادن افعالی هستند که دلالت به انجام یک عمل در یک جمله می‌کنند.

Common To Do Verbs:

Form	Verb	Usage
Base	Do	Present Tense
Base	Does	Present Tense (3rd person singular)
Past	Did	Past Tense

Present Conjugation of “Do”

Subject	Verb	Translation (Dari)
I	do	من انجام می‌دهم
You	do	شما انجام می‌دهید
He	does	او (مرد) انجام می‌دهد
She	does	او (زن) انجام می‌دهد
It	does	او (بی‌جان) انجام می‌دهد
We	do	ما انجام می‌دهیم
They	do	آنها انجام می‌دهند

Note: Use “does” with he, she, it – the third-person singular.

Examples (Present Tense)

English	Dari Translation
I do my homework every day.	من هر روز وظیفه خانه‌ام را انجام می‌دهم.
She does the chores.	او (زن) کارهای خانه را انجام می‌دهد.
It does bark.	او (سگ/بی‌جان) واق واق می‌کند.

Past Conjugation of “Do” (Did)

Subject	Verb (Past)	Translation (Dari)
I	did	من انجام دادم
You	did	شما انجام دادید
He	did	او (مرد) انجام داد
She	did	او (زن) انجام داد
It	did	او (بی‌جان) انجام داد
We	did	ما انجام دادیم
They	did	آنها انجام دادند

Note: The verb “did” is used for all subjects in the past tense.

Examples (Past Tense)

English	Dari Translation
We did our homework yesterday.	ما دیروز وظیفه خانه‌ام را انجام دادیم.
He did the dishes last night.	او دیشب ظرف‌ها را شست.
They did a great job in the class.	آنها در صنف کار عالی انجام دادند.

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence
1	Eat	To put food into your mouth, chew it, and swallow it.	خوردن	We eat dinner together every night.
2	Drink	To take a liquid into your mouth and swallow it.	نوشیدن	He likes to drink coffee in the morning.
3	Serve	To bring food or drink to someone.	سرو کردن	The waiter served the soup hot.
4	Cook	To prepare food by heating it.	پختن	My mother cooks delicious meals every day.
5	Order	To ask for food or drink in a restaurant.	سفارش دادن	I ordered a pizza and a soda.
6	Clear	To remove dishes and food from the table after eating.	جمع کردن	Please clear the table after dinner.
7	Pay	To give money in exchange for goods or services.	پرداخت کردن	Don’t forget to pay the bill.
8	Set (the table)	To arrange plates, forks, and spoons before a meal.	میز را چیدن	She set the table before lunch.
9	Give	To hand something to someone.	دادن	Please give me the salt.
10	Take	To get or accept something offered.	گرفتن	Can you take this plate to the kitchen?
11	Spread	To apply something (like butter or jam) over a surface.	مالیدن	He spread butter on the toast.
12	Hold	To carry or support something in your hands.	گرفتن / در دست داشتن	She held a cup of coffee while talking.
13	Light	To make something start burning or shining.	روشن کردن	He lit the candle before dinner.
14	Burn	To damage something with fire or heat.	سوختن	Be careful not to burn the toast.

✅ Part 1: Fill in the blanks with the correct “to do” verb (do / does / did)

I ___ my homework every day.
He ___ not like coffee.
They ___ their best in the match.
She ___ the dishes in the morning.
We ___ not go to the market yesterday.
You ___ your project last week.
___ she know the answer?

✅ Part 2: Change into Negative Sentences

He does his homework. → __________________________
I did my project. → __________________________
They do the cooking. → __________________________
She does yoga every day. → __________________________
We did our best. → __________________________

✅ Part 3: Change into Questions

She does her work. → __________________________
You do your homework. → __________________________
They did the cleaning. → __________________________
He does his job well. → __________________________
I did my part. → __________________________

Day 12

“Small daily improvements are the key to staggering long-term results.” — Robin Sharma

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence	Your Example
201	Disband	To break up or dissolve (a group or organization)	برهم زدن	The club was disbanded due to lack of interest.
202	Discredit	To harm the reputation or trustworthiness of	بدنامی، بی‌اعتبار ساختن	The scandal discredited the politician.
203	Discreditable	Causing harm to reputation; not trustworthy	غیر قابل اعتبار	The company was involved in discreditable practices.
204	Discuss	To talk about something seriously or in detail	بحث کردن	We discussed the topic in class.
205	Displace	To move something from its usual place	جابجا کردن، جانشین کردن	The war displaced thousands of families.
206	Destination	The place someone is going to	سرنوشت، تقدیر	We finally reached our destination after a long drive.
207	Disarm	To take weapons away from someone	خلع سلاح کردن	The guards disarmed the attacker quickly.
208	Disarmament	The process of giving up weapons	خلع سلاح	Both countries agreed on nuclear disarmament.
209	District	A region or area marked for a specific purpose	زون، سمت، ولسوالی	She was elected as representative of this district.
210	Donor	A person who gives (usually money or blood)	بخشنده	The hospital thanked every blood donor.
211	Dignified	Showing respect, seriousness, and calm	بزرگوار	He looked dignified in his formal clothes.
212	Discourse	A formal speech or discussion	سخن‌رانی کردن	He gave a powerful discourse on justice.
213	Displeasure	A feeling of dissatisfaction or annoyance	ناراضی ساختن	She showed her displeasure by walking away.
214	Discover	To find something for the first time	کشف کردن	Scientists discovered a new species in the forest.
215	Determine	To decide or conclude after thinking	مشخص کردن، تصمیم گرفتن	She determined to complete the course by June.
216	Delete	To remove or erase	از بین بردن	He deleted the wrong sentence from the paragraph.
217	Estimate	To guess the value or number	تخمین کردن	I estimate the project will take two weeks.
218	Estimation	An approximate calculation	تخمین	His estimation of the cost was very close.
219	Eager	Very interested or excited to do something	علاقه‌مند، مشتاق	The students were eager to learn new words.
220	Eagerly	In a way that shows strong interest or excitement	مشتاقانه	She eagerly opened her gift.

To Have Verbs

Definition:
“To Have” verbs are used to show possession or ownership in a sentence.
افعال داشتن، افعالی هستند که برای نشان دادن مالکیت یا داشتن چیزی در جمله به کار می‌روند.

Forms of “To Have” Verbs:

Present Tense:
- Have → I, You, We, They
- Has → He, She, It
Past Tense:
- Had → For all subjects (I, You, He, She, It, We, They)

Present Conjugation (زمان حال):

Subject	Verb	Translation
I	have	من دارم
You	have	شما دارید
We	have	ما داریم
They	have	آنها دارند
He	has	او (مذکر) دارد
She	has	او (مونث) دارد
It	has	آن (بی‌جان) دارد

Examples:

I have a pencil.
She has a beautiful dress.

Past Conjugation (زمان گذشته):

Subject	Verb	Translation
I	had	من داشتم
You	had	شما داشتید
He	had	او (مذکر) داشت
She	had	او (مونث) داشت
It	had	آن (بی‌جان) داشت
We	had	ما داشتیم
They	had	آنها داشتند

Examples:

I had a little money.
They had a holiday last week.

Note on Negative and Question Forms:

Usually, to make negative and question forms of “to have” verbs, we use “do/does/did” in the present or past tense:

Present Tense:

Positive: I have a pen.
Negative: I do not have a pen.
Question: Do I have a pen?
Positive: She has a bag.
Negative: She does not have a bag.
Question: Does she have a bag?

Past Tense:

Positive: They had a car.
Negative: They did not have a car.
Question: Did they have a car?

Alternative Forms:

Sometimes, we can form questions and negatives without using “do/does/did,” especially in formal English or British usage.

Have I a pen?
I have not a pen.

(However, this usage is less common in modern English.)

A. Ranch house

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning (معنی فارسی)	Example Sentence	Your Example
1	Driveway	A short private road leading from the street to a house or garage.	مسیر ورودی خانه یا گاراژ	The kids were playing basketball in the driveway.	My father parked the car in the driveway after work.
2	Garage	A building or part of a house used for keeping cars or tools.	گاراژ، محل نگهداری خودرو	They keep their bicycles and tools in the garage.	Our new garage is big enough for two cars.
3	TV Antenna	A device used to receive television signals.	آنتن تلویزیون	The TV antenna on the roof helps us get clear channels.	He climbed up to fix the TV antenna during the storm.
4	Roof	The top covering of a building that protects it from rain or sunlight.	سقف خانه	The roof was damaged after the heavy rain.	We painted the roof red last summer.
5	Deck	A flat, wooden outdoor area attached to a house, used for relaxing.	سکوی چوبی یا ایوان بیرونی	They sat on the deck to enjoy the evening breeze.	I like to read books on the deck in the morning.

B. colonial style house

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning (معنی فارسی)	Example Sentence	Your Example
6	Porch	A covered area at the entrance of a house, usually with steps and space to sit.	ایوان یا ورودی سرپوشیده خانه	They sat on the porch and watched the sunset.	My grandmother likes to drink tea on the porch every evening.
7	Window	An opening in a wall fitted with glass to let in light and air.	پنجره	Please open the window to let in some fresh air.	I looked out the window to see the rain falling.
8	Shutter	A wooden or metal cover for a window that can be closed for protection or privacy.	کرکره یا پوشش پنجره	They closed the shutters before the storm started.	The old house had green wooden shutters on every window.
9	Chimney	A tall pipe or structure on a roof that carries smoke from a fireplace outside.	دودکش	Smoke came out of the chimney as the fire burned inside.	In winter, we light a fire and smoke rises beautifully from the chimney.

C. the backyard

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning (معنی فارسی)	Example Sentence	Your Example
10	Gutter	A channel along the edge of a roof that carries rainwater away.	ناودان	The gutter was blocked with leaves after the storm.	He cleaned the gutter to let the rainwater flow easily.
11	Hammock	A hanging bed made of fabric or netting, tied between two supports.	تخت آویز، ننو	She relaxed in the hammock under the trees.	I like reading a book while lying in the hammock.
12	Lawn mower	A machine used to cut the grass in a garden or yard.	ماشین چمن‌زن	He used the lawn mower to trim the front yard.	Our new lawn mower makes mowing faster and easier.
13	Sprinkler	A device that sprays water to water grass or plants.	آب‌پاش چرخان	The sprinkler keeps the garden green in summer.	I set the sprinkler to water the lawn every morning.
14	Garden hose	A long, flexible tube used to water plants or clean outdoor areas.	شلنگ باغ	She connected the garden hose to wash the car.	We watered the flowers with the garden hose.
15	Grass	Green plants that cover the ground in yards and gardens.	چمن	The grass was wet with morning dew.	The kids played football on the grass.
16	Watering can	A container with a handle and spout used to water plants by hand.	آب‌پاش دستی	She filled the watering can to water her flowers.	I water my plants every day with a small watering can.
17	Patio	A flat, outdoor area next to a house used for relaxing or eating.	حیاط سنگفرش، پاسیو	We had lunch on the patio this afternoon.	They decorated the patio with lights for the party.
18	Drainpipe	A pipe that carries rainwater or waste water away from a building.	لوله فاضلاب یا آب باران	The drainpipe carries rainwater from the roof to the ground.	He fixed the broken drainpipe beside the wall.
19	Screen	A wire or plastic mesh that keeps insects out while letting air in.	توری (معمولاً برای پنجره)	We opened the window screen to let fresh air in.	The screen door keeps the flies out during summer.
20	Mitt	A type of glove that covers the hand but not the fingers separately.	دستکش یک‌تکه	She wore an oven mitt to take out the hot tray.	Always use a mitt when touching hot cookware.
21	Spatula	A flat kitchen tool used for turning or lifting food while cooking.	کفگیر یا کاردک	Use a spatula to flip the pancakes.	I used a spatula to serve the cake neatly.
22	Grill	A metal frame used for cooking food over an open fire or heat.	منقل یا گریل	They cooked burgers on the outdoor grill.	We grilled vegetables on the backyard grill.
23	Charcoal briquettes	Small blocks of charcoal used for barbecuing.	زغال فشرده	He lit the charcoal briquettes for the barbecue.	We used charcoal briquettes to roast corn outside.
24	Lounge chair	A long, comfortable chair for relaxing, often used outdoors.	صندلی راحتی دراز	She lay on the lounge chair to sunbathe.	I like to read on the lounge chair near the pool.
25	Power saw	A saw that runs on electricity for cutting wood or metal.	اره برقی	He used a power saw to cut the wooden planks.	Always wear gloves when using a power saw.
26	Work gloves	Gloves worn to protect hands while working.	دستکش کار	He put on work gloves before cutting the branches.	My father always wears work gloves while gardening.
27	Trowel	A small hand tool used for digging or planting.	بیلچه باغبانی	She used a trowel to plant the new flowers.	I dug small holes with a trowel for the seeds.
28	Toolshed	A small building used to store tools and equipment.	انبار ابزار	The toolshed is behind the garden.	He keeps all his gardening tools in the toolshed.
29	Hedge clippers	A tool used for trimming bushes or hedges.	قیچی باغبانی	He trimmed the hedge using hedge clippers.	She uses hedge clippers to shape the plants evenly.
30	Rake	A tool with a long handle and metal or plastic teeth used to collect leaves.	چنگک یا جاروی باغ	He used a rake to gather the fallen leaves.	I cleaned the yard with a rake after the rain.
31	Shovel	A tool with a wide blade used for digging or moving soil or snow.	بیل	He used a shovel to plant the new tree.	We cleared the garden soil using a shovel.
32	Wheelbarrow	A small cart with one wheel used to carry heavy loads in the garden.	فرغون	He moved the soil with a wheelbarrow.	We used a wheelbarrow to carry the plants easily.

✅ Part 1: Fill in the blanks with the correct “to have” verb (have / has / had)

I ___ a red bicycle.
She ___ a lot of homework.
They ___ fun at the party last night.
He ___ a pet dog.
We ___ a great time yesterday.
You ___ a nice smile.
The cat ___ green eyes.

✅ Part 2: Change into Negative Sentences

He has a new car. → __________________________
I have an idea. → __________________________
They had dinner at 8 PM. → __________________________
She has long hair. → __________________________
We had a holiday last week. → __________________________

✅ Part 3: Change into Questions

She has a phone. → __________________________
You have a cold. → __________________________
They had a meeting. → __________________________
He has a problem. → __________________________
I had a good dream. → __________________________

🗓️ Day 8

Day 13

“Push yourself, because no one else is going to do it for you.“

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence	Your Example
221	Eternal	Without end; everlasting	ابدی	True love is said to be eternal.
222	Excavate	To dig out or remove earth	حفر کردن	They excavated the site to search for ancient ruins.
223	Excommunicate	To officially exclude from a religious group	کفر گفتن / تکفیر کردن	The priest was excommunicated for violating church rules.
224	Extremity	The farthest point or limit; a severe situation	افراد، نهایت	He was pushed to the extremity of despair.
225	Edify	To morally or intellectually improve	ادب کردن، ارشاد کردن	The book is meant to edify young readers.
226	Editorial	A newspaper article expressing an opinion	سرمقاله	She wrote an editorial on climate change.
227	Educate	To teach or train someone	تعلیم دادن	Schools exist to educate future generations.
228	Educated	Having gained knowledge through study	تحصیل کرده، دانا	She is an educated and well-spoken leader.
229	Educator	A person who teaches or educates	مربی، استاد	The educator inspired his students to love learning.
230	Effectual	Successful in producing the desired result	نتیجه‌بخش	His effort was effectual in solving the problem.
231	Effeminate	Having characteristics considered feminine (in men)	زن‌چو، زن‌صفت	He was mocked for his effeminate manner.
232	Effeminacy	The quality of being womanlike (in men)	زن‌چوگری، زن‌صفتی	In some cultures, effeminacy in men is criticized.
233	Effrontery	Shameless or rude boldness	گستاخی	He had the effrontery to lie in front of everyone.
234	Elect	To choose someone by vote	انتخاب کردن	They elected a new president.
235	Elector	A person who has the right to vote	انتخاب‌کننده	Each elector must present an ID to vote.
236	Elder	A person who is older or in a position of respect	بزرگ‌تر	Respect your elders.
237	Effort	Hard work or attempt	کوشش، کوشش کردن	Success requires constant effort.
238	Engineering	The field of designing and building	انجینیری، مهندسی	He is studying mechanical engineering.
239	Economy	The system of production and use of goods and services	اقتصاد	The country’s economy is growing fast.
240	Economical	Using resources wisely and not wastefully	اقتصادی	Hybrid cars are more economical than traditional ones.

Question Formation

1. 🧩 Tag Questions (سوالات ضمیمه)

Definition:
Tag questions (also called joined questions or short questions) are short additions at the end of a sentence that ask for agreement, confirmation, or check information.

تعریف:
سوالات ضمیمه یا سوالات کوتاه، جمله‌های کوتاهی اند که در پایان جمله اضافه می‌شوند تا تأیید، توافق یا تصدیق معلومات را بخواهند.

Examples:

He is a clever student, isn’t he?
You are looking beautiful, aren’t you?

📘 Rules of Tag Questions

No.	Rule (English)	Rule (Persian)	Examples
1	Positive sentences take a negative tag.	جملات مثبت سوال ضمیمه منفی دارند.	I study my lesson, don’t I? He is a good boy, isn’t he?
2	Negative sentences take a positive tag.	جملات منفی سوال ضمیمه مثبت دارند.	I don’t study my lesson, do I? She isn’t a doctor, is she?
3	If the sentence has an auxiliary verb, repeat the same verb in the tag.	هرگاه در جمله فعل کمکی موجود باشد، همان فعل در سوال ضمیمه تکرار می‌شود.	I must go, mustn’t I? He is learning English, isn’t he?
4	If there is no auxiliary verb, use Do, Does, or Did in the tag.	اگر فعل کمکی در جمله نباشد، از (Do / Does / Did) استفاده می‌شود.	He goes to school, doesn’t he? They studied well, didn’t they?
5	Imperative sentences take will you, could you, or can you.	جملات امری با (Will you / Could you / Can you) همراه اند.	Open the door, will you? Help me, can you?
6	Requests or offers take won’t you.	جملات خواهش یا پیشنهاد با (Won’t you) همراه اند.	Have some tea, won’t you? Join us, won’t you?
7	Sentences beginning with Let’s take shall we.	جملات که با (Let’s) آغاز شوند، سوال ضمیمه (Shall we) دارند.	Let’s play chess, shall we? Let’s go shopping, shall we?
8	Sentences with never, no, neither, etc. are treated as negative and take positive tags.	جملات دارای کلمات منفی چون (Never, No, Neither) با سوال ضمیمه مثبت همراه اند.	I never lie, do I? He has no friends, does he?
9	When the subject is nobody, somebody, anybody, neither, etc., use they in the tag.	اگر فاعل جمله (Nobody, Somebody, Anybody, Neither) باشد، در سوال ضمیمه از (They) استفاده می‌شود.	Nobody came, did they? Somebody knocked, did they?
10	The tag for “I am” is “aren’t I”.	سوال ضمیمه برای (I am) عبارت از (Aren’t I) است.	I am your student, aren’t I? I’m right, aren’t I?
11	Sentences that are positive in form but negative in meaning take a positive tag.	جملاتیکه شکل مثبت دارند ولی معنی منفی می‌دهند، با سوال ضمیمه مثبت همراه اند.	Ahmad is too fat to run fast, is he? The food is too hot to eat, is it?

✅ Quick Summary Table

Type of Sentence	Tag Used	Example
Positive	Negative Tag	She studies hard, doesn’t she?
Negative	Positive Tag	She doesn’t study, does she?
Imperative	Will / Could / Can you	Open the door, will you?
Request / Offer	Won’t you	Sit down, won’t you?
Let’s	Shall we	Let’s go, shall we?
With “Never” / “No”	Positive tag	I never lie, do I?
With “Nobody”	Use “they”	Nobody helped, did they?
With “I am”	Aren’t I	I’m your student, aren’t I?

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning (معنی فارسی)	Example Sentence	Your Example
1	Ceiling fan	A fan fixed to the ceiling to move air and cool the room.	پنکه سقفی	The ceiling fan kept the room cool during summer.	I switched on the ceiling fan before sleeping.
2	Ceiling	The upper inside surface of a room.	سقف داخلی	The ceiling was painted cream to brighten the room.	There’s a new light fitted in the ceiling.
3	Wall	A vertical structure that forms the sides of a room or building.	دیوار	The wall was decorated with family photos.	We painted the living-room wall blue.
4	Frame	A border that surrounds and supports a picture or mirror.	قاب	The wooden frame around the mirror looked elegant.	I put my graduation photo in a black frame.
5	Painting	A picture made with paint.	نقاشی	A large painting hangs above the fireplace.	I bought a colorful painting for my living room.
6	Vase	A container used to hold flowers.	گلدان	She placed fresh tulips in the glass vase.	The vase on the table has white roses.
7	Mantel	The shelf above a fireplace.	طاقچه بالای شومینه	Family photos were displayed on the mantel.	We decorated the mantel with candles.
8	Fireplace	A space in a wall where a fire can be lit for heat.	شومینه	They sat by the fireplace on a cold evening.	Our living room has a stone fireplace.
9	Fire	Flames that provide heat or light.	آتش	The fire burned brightly in the fireplace.	We warmed our hands near the fire.
10	Log	A thick piece of wood cut for burning or building.	هیزم	He put another log on the fire.	We stacked logs beside the fireplace.
11	Banister	The railing along the side of a staircase.	نرده پله	She held the banister while going upstairs.	The wooden banister was newly polished.
12	Staircase	A set of stairs connecting two floors.	راه پله	The staircase leads to the bedrooms upstairs.	Our staircase has ten steps.
13	Step	The flat surface you step on when climbing stairs.	پله	Be careful—the last step is broken.	He painted each step of the staircase.
14	Desk	A table used for writing or working.	میز کار یا تحریر	Her desk was full of books and papers.	I study at my wooden desk every evening.
15	Wall-to-wall carpeting	Carpet that covers an entire floor from one wall to another.	فرش سرتاسری	The living room has wall-to-wall carpeting.	We replaced the old rug with wall-to-wall carpeting.
16	Recliner	A comfortable chair that can lean back.	صندلی درازکش	He relaxed in the recliner while watching TV.	I read books on my recliner every night.
17	Remote control	A handheld device used to operate electronic equipment from a distance.	کنترل از راه دور	She changed the channel with the remote control.	I couldn’t find the TV remote control.
18	Television	A device for watching visual programs.	تلویزیون	We watched the news on television.	The television is mounted on the wall.
19	Wall unit	A large piece of furniture with shelves and cabinets placed against a wall.	قفسه دیوار دار	The wall unit holds the TV and books.	We bought a modern wall unit for our living room.
20	Stereo system	Equipment for playing high-quality sound.	سیستم صوتی	He turned on the stereo system to play music.	Our stereo system has two large speakers.
21	Speaker	A device that produces sound.	بلندگو	The speaker was too loud during the movie.	We set up new speakers around the room.
22	Bookcase	A piece of furniture with shelves for storing books.	قفسه کتاب	The bookcase was full of novels and magazines.	I arranged my textbooks neatly in the bookcase.
23	Drapes	Long curtains that cover windows.	پرده های بلند	She closed the drapes to block the sunlight.	The red drapes matched the sofa perfectly.
24	Cushion	A soft pillow used for comfort or decoration.	بالشتک	There are three cushions on the sofa.	I bought colorful cushions for my couch.
25	Sofa	A long, soft seat for several people.	مبل	They sat on the sofa and watched TV.	Our new sofa is gray and very comfortable.
26	Coffee table	A low table placed in front of a sofa.	میز جلوی مبل	Magazines were spread on the coffee table.	I placed a flower vase on the coffee table.
27	Lampshade	A cover placed over a lamp bulb to soften or direct light.	کلاهک چراغ	The lampshade gives the room a warm glow.	I bought a blue lampshade for my desk lamp.
28	Lamp	A device that gives light, often placed on a table or floor.	چراغ	She turned on the lamp to read her book.	There’s a lamp beside my bed.
29	End table	A small table placed beside a sofa or chair.	میز کناری	She placed a cup of tea on the end table.	I keep my phone on the end table while watching TV.

✍️ Part A — Fill in the Missing Tag

Add the correct tag to complete each sentence.
(سوال ضمیمه اضافه کړئ.)

No.	Sentence	Tag
1	She is your sister, ________?
2	You aren’t from Kabul, ________?
3	He plays football, ________?
4	They didn’t go to school, ________?
5	Let’s go shopping, ________?
6	You can drive a car, ________?
7	I am late, ________?
8	Nobody helped you, ________?
9	The students are tired, ________?
10	Don’t open the door, ________?

🧾 Answer Key:

isn’t she? 2. are you? 3. doesn’t he? 4. did they? 5. shall we? 6. can’t you? 7. aren’t I? 8. did they? 9. aren’t they? 10. will you?

🧠 Part B — Choose the Correct Tag

Tick (✅) the correct option.
(د سمو ټګونو څخه یو انتخاب کړئ.)

No.	Sentence	Options
1	She studies English, ___	a) isn’t she? b) doesn’t she? ✅
2	They aren’t busy, ___	a) are they? ✅ b) do they?
3	You don’t eat meat, ___	a) do you? ✅ b) are you?
4	He was sleeping, ___	a) wasn’t he? ✅ b) didn’t he?
5	Let’s start, ___	a) will you? b) shall we? ✅

🗣️ Part C — Speaking Practice (Zailearn Oral Questions)

🎤 Use the correct tag when responding. Practice in pairs or in class.

You love English, don’t you?
→ Yes, I do!
He isn’t late, is he?
→ No, he isn’t.
You can speak Pashto, can’t you?
→ Yes, I can!
Let’s take a break, shall we?
→ Sure, let’s do it!
You didn’t do your homework, did you?
→ I did, actually!
She looks tired, doesn’t she?
→ Yes, she worked a lot today.
Nobody told you about the exam, did they?
→ No, they didn’t.
You’re feeling better now, aren’t you?
→ Much better, thank you!
Don’t forget your book, will you?
→ No, I won’t.
Have some coffee, won’t you?
→ That would be great, thank you!

✍️ Part D — Make Tag Questions Yourself

Write the correct tag for each of your own sentences.
(خپل جملې ولیکئ او د هغې لپاره سوال ضمیمه جوړ کړئ.)

No.	Your Sentence	Tag
1	___________________________	________?
2	___________________________	________?
3	___________________________	________?
4	___________________________	________?
5	___________________________	________?

Day 14

“Don’t limit your challenges. Challenge your limits.”

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence	Your Example
241	Economize	To reduce spending or use resources wisely	صرفه‌جویی کردن	We must economize to save money this month.
242	Fabricate	To make up or invent (often falsely)	جعل کردن	He fabricated a story to avoid trouble.
243	Factor	A part that contributes to a result	عامل	Hard work is a key factor in success.
244	Faction	A small organized group within a larger one	گروپ، جذب	There was disagreement among factions in the party.
245	Envoy	A diplomatic representative or messenger	نماینده خاص	The president sent an envoy to negotiate peace.
246	Encourage	To give support, confidence, or hope	تشویق کردن	My teacher always encourages me to do my best.
247	Faint-hearted	Lacking courage; easily scared	ترسو، بزدل	Don’t be faint-hearted — face your fears!
248	Fragile	Easily broken or damaged	لطیف، نرم، ملایم	This glass vase is very fragile.
249	Fallible	Capable of making mistakes	اشتباه‌کننده	All humans are fallible, no one is perfect.
250	Famish	To make extremely hungry	گرسنگی دادن	The stranded travelers were famished after days without food.
251	Fancier	A person who is deeply interested in something	علاقه‌مند	He’s a bird fancier and owns rare parrots.
252	Found	To establish or create something	تأسیس کردن	They found a new school in the city.
253	Founder	The person who starts or establishes something	بنیاد‌گذار، تأسیس‌کننده	He is the founder of the charity organization.
254	Foundation	The base or beginning of something	بنیاد، تأسیس	Education is the foundation of a strong society.
255	Founding Anniversary	Celebration of when something was established	سالگرد تأسیس	We celebrated the school’s founding anniversary yesterday.
256	Fate	Destiny or the outcome of events	سرنوشت	No one can escape their fate.
257	Fierce	Violent or strong in force	وحشی	The lion gave a fierce roar.
258	Famous	Well-known or recognized by many	مشهور	He is a famous actor in Bollywood.
259	Full stop	The punctuation mark used to end a sentence	نقطه	Don’t forget the full stop at the end of the sentence.
260	Fulfil	To complete or achieve something	انجام دادن	She fulfilled her dream of becoming a doctor.

Question Formation

2. Yes / No Questions (سوالات بلی یا خیر)

Definition:
Yes/No questions are questions that can be answered simply with “Yes” or “No.”
تعریف:
سوالات بلی یا خیر سوالاتی اند که می‌توان با جواب ساده بلی (Yes) یا خیر (No) به آنها پاسخ داد.

Structure:
Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Main Verb + Object

Examples:

Are you a teacher? → Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.
Do you like coffee? → Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
Did he go to school? → Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t.
Has she finished her homework? → Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t.

Note:
If the sentence has no auxiliary verb, use Do / Does / Did to form the question.

3. Wh-Questions (سوالات W.H)

Definition:
Wh-questions begin with a question word such as What, When, Where, Why, Who, Which, Whose, Whom, How, etc.
They are used to ask for specific information instead of “Yes” or “No.”

تعریف:
سوالات W.H با کلماتی چون (What, When, Where, Why, Who, Which, Whose, How) آغاز می‌شوند و برای گرفتن معلومات مشخص استفاده می‌شوند.

Structure:
Wh-word + Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Main Verb + Object

Examples:

What are you doing?
Where do you live?
Why is he crying?
When did they arrive?
Who teaches you English?
Which book do you prefer?
Whose pen is this?
How are you today?

Note:
If there is no auxiliary verb, use Do / Does / Did to make the question.

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning (معنی فارسی)	Example Sentence	Your Example
1	China	Fine dishes made of porcelain used for special meals.	ظروف چینی	They use their best china for family gatherings.	My mother keeps her china set only for guests.
2	China closet	A cabinet used to store and display china dishes.	کابینت یا بوفه ظروف چینی	The china closet was full of beautiful plates and cups.	She cleaned the china closet before the party.
3	Chandelier	A large decorative hanging light with branches for bulbs or candles.	چلچراغ	A crystal chandelier hung above the dining table.	The chandelier gives the dining room a royal look.
4	Pitcher	A container used for pouring liquids like water or juice.	پارچ	She filled the pitcher with cold water.	I poured orange juice from the pitcher.
5	Wine glass	A glass with a stem used for drinking wine.	گیلاس شراب	Each guest had a wine glass at their seat.	He raised his wine glass for a toast.
6	Water glass	A glass used for drinking water.	لیوان آب	Please bring me a clean water glass.	Everyone had a water glass next to their plate.
7	Table	A piece of furniture with a flat top used for eating or working.	میز	Dinner was served on the dining table.	The table was covered with a white cloth.
8	Spoon	A utensil with a shallow bowl and handle used for eating or serving.	قاشق	She stirred her tea with a spoon.	I need a spoon for my soup.
9	Pepper shaker	A small container with holes used to sprinkle pepper.	فلفل‌پاش	He added pepper from the pepper shaker.	There’s a pepper shaker next to the salt shaker.
10	Salt shaker	A small container with holes used to sprinkle salt.	نمک‌پاش	Please pass the salt shaker.	She placed the salt shaker in the center of the table.
11	Bread and butter plate	A small plate for serving bread and butter.	بشقاب نان و کره	Each setting had a bread and butter plate.	The waiter placed butter on the small bread plate.
12	Fork	A utensil with prongs used for eating food.	چنگال	She used a fork to eat the salad.	I dropped my fork and had to get another one.
13	Plate	A flat dish used to serve or eat food.	بشقاب	He placed the food neatly on the plate.	The plate was full of delicious food.
14	Napkin	A piece of cloth or paper used to wipe the mouth or hands while eating.	دستمال سفره	She folded the napkin beside the plate.	I wiped my hands with a napkin after lunch.
15	Knife	A sharp utensil used for cutting food.	چاقو	Be careful when using the knife.	He sliced the bread with a sharp knife.
16	Tablecloth	A cloth covering the dining table.	رومیزی	The red tablecloth made the table look elegant.	She spread a new tablecloth before dinner.
17	Chair	A seat with a back, usually for one person.	صندلی	There are six chairs around the table.	I pulled out a chair and sat down to eat.
18	Coffeepot	A pot used for making or serving coffee.	قهوه‌جوش یا قهوه‌ساز دستی	She poured coffee from the coffeepot.	The coffeepot was full of freshly brewed coffee.
19	Teapot	A pot with a lid and spout used for making and serving tea.	قوری	She filled the teapot with hot water and tea leaves.	My grandmother’s teapot is made of silver.
20	Cup	A small open container used for drinking liquids.	فنجان	He took a cup of tea before leaving.	I broke my favorite coffee cup this morning.
21	Saucer	A small plate placed under a cup to catch drips.	نعلبکی	The cup was placed on a matching saucer.	She put a sugar cube on the saucer.
22	Silverware	Utensils made of metal, like forks, spoons, and knives.	قاشق‌چنگال فلزی	The silverware was polished before dinner.	Each guest had clean silverware beside the plate.
23	Sugar bowl	A small bowl used to hold sugar.	ظرف شکر	She filled the sugar bowl with white sugar.	Please pass me the sugar bowl for my tea.
24	Creamer	A small jug used to hold cream or milk for coffee or tea.	ظرف خامه یا شیر	She poured milk from the creamer into her cup.	The creamer matched the teapot perfectly.
25	Salad bowl	A large bowl used for serving salad.	کاسه سالاد	She mixed the vegetables in a big salad bowl.	We served fruit salad in a glass salad bowl.
26	Flame	The visible part of fire.	شعله	The candle’s flame flickered in the wind.	He lit the stove and the blue flame appeared.
27	Candle	A stick of wax with a wick that burns to give light.	شمع	They lit candles for the romantic dinner.	A candle was placed at the center of the table.
28	Candlestick	A holder for one or more candles.	جا شمعی	The silver candlestick looked elegant on the table.	She cleaned the old brass candlestick carefully.
29	Buffet	A side table used to serve food or store dishes.	میز پذیرایی یا بوفه	The buffet was full of desserts and drinks.	They arranged the plates and glasses on the buffet.

🗣️ Speaking Practice – Yes / No Questions

Try answering these aloud 👇

Do you enjoy reading English books?
Are you learning English online?
Did you sleep early last night?
Have you ever visited another country?
Is your best friend a student?
Does your teacher give you homework every day?
Are you listening to me carefully?
Did you eat breakfast today?
Will you join our English club?
Can you speak two languages?

🗣️ Speaking Questions – Wh-Questions Practice

Try answering these in full sentences 👇

What time do you wake up every day?
Where do you go after school?
When do you study English?
Who is your favorite teacher?
Why do you want to learn English?
Which subject do you like the most?
Whose mobile phone is this?
How do you spend your free time?
How often do you watch movies?
What are you doing right now?

Day 15

“Education opens the mind and the heart.”

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence	Your Example
261	Favorable	Expressing approval; helpful or beneficial	مساعد	The weather was favorable for a picnic.
262	Fundamental	Basic and essential	اساسی	Honesty is a fundamental value in life.
263	Funeral	A ceremony for a deceased person	مراسم دفن	Many people attended her funeral.
264	Freedom	The state of being free	آزادی	Everyone deserves freedom of speech.
265	Free agent	Someone not under contract or restriction	خودمختار	As a free agent, he can work for any company he chooses.
266	Fruitful	Producing good results; productive	مفید، سودمند، میوه‌دار	Their meeting was very fruitful.
267	Fellow	A man or a companion	شخص	He’s a good fellow with a kind heart.
268	Fellowship	A friendly relationship between people	رفاقت	Their fellowship lasted for years.
269	Fellow feeling	Sympathy or shared emotion	حس هم‌نوعی	I felt fellow feeling for him in his tough time.
270	Flatter	To praise insincerely for personal gain	چاپلوسی کردن	Don’t flatter your boss too much.
271	Flatterer	Someone who gives excessive praise	چاپلوس	The king was surrounded by flatterers.
272	Fear	A strong emotion caused by danger or threat	ترس	She has a fear of heights.
273	Fame	Being known or recognized by many	شهرت	He gained fame after writing a bestselling novel.
274	Feud	A long and bitter conflict	کینه، دشمنی، عداوت کردن	The two families had a long-standing feud.
275	Fertile	Able to produce crops or support growth	حاصل‌خیز	The land in this region is very fertile.
276	Flag	A symbol of a nation or group	بیرق	They raised the national flag at the ceremony.
277	Forbid	To order not to do something	منع کردن	Smoking is forbidden here.
278	Forfeit	To lose something as a penalty	تاوان، تاوان دادن	He had to forfeit the game due to injury.
279	Frighten	To scare or make someone afraid	ترساندن	The noise frightened the baby.
280	Glance	A quick look	نگاه کوتاه کردن	She glanced at her watch during the meeting.

Sentences — جمله

Definition:
A group of words which has a complete meaning or makes a complete sense is called a sentence.
گروهی از کلمات که معنی کامل داشته و یا معنی کامل را افاده کند، جمله نامیده می‌شود.

Example:
He came to class yesterday.
او دیروز به صنف آمد.

Types of Sentences (by Meaning) — اقسام جمله از نگاه معنی

No.	Type (English)	Persian Name	Description (English + Persian)	Examples
1	Declarative Sentence	جملات خبری (اخباری)	A sentence that expresses a statement or gives information. جمله‌ای که خبر یا بیانیه‌ای را بیان کند.	I saw him last week. او را هفتهٔ گذشته دیدم.
2	Imperative Sentence	جملات امری	A sentence that expresses a command or request. جمله‌ای که امر یا خواهش را بیان کند.	Please come on time. لطفاً به‌موقع بیا.
3	Interrogative Sentence	جملات پرسشی	A sentence that asks a question. جمله‌ای که پرسشی را بیان کند.	Where are you living now? حالا کجا زندگی می‌کنی؟
4	Exclamatory Sentence	جملات ندائی	A sentence that expresses strong feeling or emotion. جمله‌ای که احساس یا هیجان قوی را بیان کند.	What a noisy boy he is! چه پسر پر سر و صدایی است! What a shame! چه شرم‌آور!

Types of Sentences (by Form) — اقسام جمله از نگاه ساختار

No.	Type (English)	Persian Name	Description (English + Persian)	Examples
1	Simple Sentence	جملات ساده	A sentence that has only one finite verb. جمله‌ای که تنها دارای یک فعل محدود باشد.	He is a boy. او یک پسر است. She feeds the children. او به اطفال غذا می‌دهد.
2	Complex Sentence	جملات مختلط (پیچیده)	A sentence that has one main clause and one or more subordinate clauses. جمله‌ای که دارای یک قضیهٔ اصلی و یک یا بیشتر از یک قضیهٔ فرعی باشد.	This is the boy who can speak Dari. این همان پسر است که می‌تواند دری صحبت کند.
3	Compound Sentence	جملات مرکب	Two or more simple sentences joined by a conjunction. دو جملهٔ ساده که توسط حرف ربط به‌هم وصل شده باشند.	Ahmad is a teacher and Mahmood is a student. احمد معلم است و محمود شاگرد است.
4	Compound-Complex Sentence	جملات مرکب مختلط (پیچیده)	Sentences that have two or more main clauses and at least one subordinate clause. جمله‌هایی که دارای دو یا بیشتر از دو قضیهٔ اصلی و یک قضیهٔ فرعی باشند.	Allah created the whole universe, and the earth is one of those on which humans live. الله تمام جهان را آفرید، و زمین یکی از آنهاست که انسان‌ها در آن زندگی می‌کنند.

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning (معنی فارسی)	Example Sentence	Your Example
1	Dishwasher	A machine that washes dishes automatically.	ماشین ظرفشویی	She loaded the dirty dishes into the dishwasher.	Our new dishwasher saves a lot of time.
2	Dish drainer	A rack for drying dishes after washing.	آب‌چکان ظرف	She placed the clean plates in the dish drainer.	The dish drainer is next to the sink.
3	Steamer	A kitchen tool used for cooking food with steam.	بخارپز	Vegetables stay healthy when cooked in a steamer.	I steamed dumplings using a small steamer.
4	Can opener	A tool used to open metal cans.	دربازکن قوطی	He used a can opener to open the tin of beans.	I couldn’t find the can opener in the drawer.
5	Frying pan	A shallow pan used for frying food.	ماهیتابه	She fried eggs in the frying pan.	I cooked pancakes in a non-stick frying pan.
6	Bottle opener	A tool used for opening bottles.	دربازکن بطری	He used a bottle opener to open the soda.	I keep the bottle opener on the counter.
7	Colander	A bowl with holes used for draining water from food.	آبکش	She washed the pasta in a colander.	The colander is perfect for rinsing vegetables.
8	Saucepan	A deep pan with a handle, used for cooking sauces or boiling water.	قابلمه دسته‌دار	She heated the soup in a saucepan.	I boiled milk in the saucepan.
9	Lid	A cover for a pot, pan, or container.	درپوش	Put the lid on the pot to keep it warm.	I couldn’t find the lid for the saucepan.
10	Dishwashing liquid	A soap used for cleaning dishes.	مایع ظرفشویی	Add some dishwashing liquid to the water.	I bought a new lemon-scented dishwashing liquid.
11	Scouring pad	A rough pad used for scrubbing dishes.	اسفنج زبر یا سیم ظرفشویی	Use a scouring pad to clean tough stains.	The scouring pad removed the grease easily.
12	Blender	An electric machine used to mix or puree food.	مخلوط‌کن	She made a smoothie using the blender.	I used the blender to make soup creamy.
13	Pot	A large round container used for cooking food.	قابلمه	The pot was full of boiling water.	I cooked rice in a big pot.
14	Casserole dish	A deep dish used for baking or serving food.	ظرف گریل یا فر	She baked the chicken in a casserole dish.	We used a glass casserole dish for lasagna.
15	Canister	A container used to store dry food items.	ظرف نگهداری مواد خشک	Flour and sugar are kept in canisters.	I labeled each canister for easy use.
16	Toaster	A small appliance used for toasting bread.	تستر	He toasted two slices of bread in the toaster.	The toaster stopped working suddenly.
17	Roasting pan	A large pan used for roasting meat or vegetables.	سینی فر	The turkey was cooked in a roasting pan.	I placed potatoes in the roasting pan.
18	Dish towel	A towel used to dry dishes.	حوله ظرف	She wiped the dishes with a clean dish towel.	I hung the dish towel near the sink.
19	Refrigerator	A machine that keeps food and drinks cold.	یخچال	The refrigerator is full of fruits and vegetables.	We keep milk in the refrigerator.
20	Freezer	A part of the refrigerator that keeps food frozen.	فریزر	She put the ice cream in the freezer.	The freezer is full of frozen food.
21	Ice tray	A tray used for making ice cubes.	قالب یخ	He filled the ice tray with water.	I put the ice tray back in the freezer.
22	Cabinet	A cupboard used for storage.	کابینت	The dishes are stored in the kitchen cabinet.	I arranged the spices in the cabinet.
23	Microwave oven	A machine that heats or cooks food quickly using microwaves.	مایکروویو	She warmed her coffee in the microwave oven.	The microwave oven is very convenient for quick meals.
24	Mixing bowl	A bowl used for mixing ingredients.	کاسه مخلوط کردن	She mixed flour and eggs in a mixing bowl.	I used a big mixing bowl for the dough.
25	Rolling pin	A tool used to flatten dough.	وردنه	She rolled out the dough with a rolling pin.	My grandmother used a wooden rolling pin.
26	Cutting board	A board used to cut food on.	تخته برش	Always use a cutting board when chopping vegetables.	The cutting board was made of bamboo.
27	Counter	A flat surface in a kitchen for preparing food.	پیشخوان آشپزخانه	The counter was full of fresh ingredients.	I placed the groceries on the kitchen counter.
28	Teakettle	A pot used for boiling water, usually with a spout.	کتری	The teakettle whistled when the water boiled.	She poured hot water from the teakettle.
29	Burner	The part of a stove that produces a flame for cooking.	شعله اجاق	She turned off the gas burner after cooking.	There are four burners on our stove.
30	Stove	A kitchen appliance used for cooking food.	اجاق گاز	The soup is cooking on the stove.	I cleaned the stove after dinner.
31	Coffeemaker	A machine used for brewing coffee.	قهوه‌ساز	He made fresh coffee in the coffeemaker.	The coffeemaker is on the counter.
32	Oven	A heated compartment used for baking or roasting food.	فر	She baked a cake in the oven.	The oven was preheated to 180 degrees.
33	Broiler	A part of an oven that cooks food with direct heat from above.	گریل فر	She placed the fish under the broiler.	The broiler browned the cheese perfectly.
34	Pot holder	A thick cloth used to handle hot pots and pans.	دستگیره پارچه‌ای	She grabbed the pot with a pot holder.	Always use a pot holder to avoid burns.

🗣️ Speaking Practice:

Try making your own examples for each type of sentence.
💬 Example prompts:

Make a declarative sentence about your daily routine.
Say an imperative sentence to your friend.
Ask an interrogative question to your teacher.
Express surprise or happiness using an exclamatory sentence.

Day 16

“The expert in anything was once a beginner.” — Helen Hayes

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence	Your Example
281	Glance	A quick or brief look	نگاه کوتاه کردن	She gave a quick glance at the clock.
282	Globe	The earth; a spherical object	کره، زمین، گرد کردن	We studied the continents on the globe.
283	Global	Worldwide; relating to the whole world	جهان، کروی	Climate change is a global issue.
284	Grade	A level or rank, especially in school	درجه	He got an A grade in mathematics.
285	Goods	Products or items for sale	اجناس	The shop sells imported goods.
286	Glorious	Magnificent or worthy of admiration	مجلل، باشکوه	They had a glorious wedding celebration.
287	Glorify	To praise or honor highly	حمد گفتن، ثنا گفتن	The book glorifies the hero’s bravery.
288	Gainsay	To deny or contradict	انکار، انکار کردن	No one could gainsay her testimony.
289	Germinate	To begin to grow (like a seed)	جوانه زدن، سبز شدن	The seeds germinated quickly in the sunlight.
290	Glasshouse	A building made of glass to grow plants	گلخانه	They grow roses in a large glasshouse.
291	Humanize	To make something more human or civilized	انسان ساختن	Education helps humanize our behavior.
292	Host	A person who receives guests or organizes an event	میزبان، میزبانی کردن	He was a generous host during the festival.
293	Handkerchief	A piece of cloth for wiping face or nose	دستمال، دستمال کردن	He carried a white handkerchief in his pocket.
294	Half	One of two equal parts	نیم، نصف	I ate only half of the sandwich.
295	Hold	To grasp, carry, or keep	نگهداشتن	Please hold my bag for a minute.
296	Invest	To put money or effort into something for profit	سرمایه‌گذاری کردن	He invested in a new business venture.
297	Investment	The act of putting money into something for gain	سرمایه‌گذاری	Real estate is a good long-term investment.
298	Investor	A person who puts money into something to gain returns	سرمایه‌گذار	Foreign investors are interested in this market.
299	Inaccessible	Not easily reached or entered	غیر قابل دسترسی	The mountain village is inaccessible in winter.
300	Imposed war	A war forced upon a country or people	جنگ تحمیلی	Many innocent lives were lost in the imposed war.

Tense – Complete Overview

Simple Present Tense

1. Structures of Simple Present Tense

Form	Structure	Example
Affirmative (مثبت)	S + V₁ + Complement	She reads books every day.
Interrogative (سوالی)	Do/Does + S + V₁ + Complement?	Does she read books every day?
Negative (منفی)	S + Do/Does + Not + V₁ + Complement	She does not read books every day.
Negative Interrogative (سوال منفی)	Do/Does + S + Not + V₁ + Complement?	Does she not read books every day?

2. Usages of Simple Present Tense

Usage Type	Explanation	Example	Dari/Farsi Translation
1. Habitual Actions	Repeated or regular actions. Often with adverbs like: always, usually, etc.	He always drinks tea in the morning.	او همیشه صبح چای می‌نوشد.
2. General Truths or Facts	Scientific or universally accepted truths.	The Earth revolves around the sun.	زمین به دور خورشید می‌گردد.
3. Planned Future Actions	Used for events planned in the near future.	We leave for Kabul tomorrow.	ما فردا به کابل می‌رویم.

3. Grammatical Notes

Rule	Explanation	Example
Verb + S / ES with He/She/It	Add “s” to most verbs; Add “es” to verbs ending in o, s, sh, ch, x, z.	She goes, He washes, It fixes
Verbs ending in Consonant + Y → change Y to I + ES	If a verb ends in a consonant + “y”, change y to i and add es.	He studies, She tries
Verbs ending in Vowel + Y → add S only	If it ends in vowel + “y”, just add “s”.	He plays, She enjoys
Use “Does” and “Do” Correctly	Use Does for he, she, it and Do for I, you, we, they in questions/negatives.	Does she work? Do they study?
Base Verb after Do/Does	Never add “s” after do/does. The main verb stays in base form.	She does studies → She does study

More Examples

English Sentence	Translation (Dari/Farsi)
I wake up at 6 AM every day.	من هر روز ساعت ۶ بیدار می‌شوم.
He doesn’t like cold water.	او آب سرد دوست ندارد.
Do you go to the gym?	آیا به باشگاه می‌روی؟
She comes to the class on time.	او به موقع به صنف می‌آید.

No.	Verb	English Meaning	Persian Meaning (معنی فارسی)	Example Sentence	Your Example
1	Stir	To mix food by moving a spoon round and round.	هم زدن	She stirred the soup slowly.	I stirred sugar into my tea.
2	Grate	To rub food against a grater to make small pieces.	رنده کردن	He grated cheese for the pasta.	I grated carrots for the salad.
3	Open	To remove a cover or lid from something.	باز کردن	She opened the can of soup.	I opened the fridge to get milk.
4	Pour	To make a liquid flow from one container to another.	ریختن	He poured milk into the glass.	I poured juice for everyone.
5	Peel	To remove the skin from fruits or vegetables.	پوست کندن	She peeled the potatoes before boiling them.	I peeled an apple for breakfast.
6	Carve	To cut meat into pieces for serving.	برش دادن گوشت	He carved the turkey at the table.	My father carved the chicken carefully.
7	Break	To separate into pieces suddenly.	شکستن	She broke the egg into the bowl.	I accidentally broke a plate.
8	Beat	To mix quickly using a fork or whisk.	هم زدن شدید	She beat the eggs until fluffy.	I beat the batter for the cake.
9	Cut	To divide something with a knife.	بریدن	He cut the vegetables for the salad.	I cut the bread into slices.
10	Slice	To cut into thin pieces.	برش نازک زدن	She sliced the tomatoes neatly.	I sliced cheese for sandwiches.
11	Chop	To cut into small pieces.	خرد کردن	He chopped onions for the curry.	I chopped carrots quickly.
12	Steam	To cook food using hot steam.	بخارپز کردن	She steamed broccoli for dinner.	I steamed dumplings in the pot.
13	Broil	To cook food under direct heat.	گریل کردن	She broiled the fish until golden.	I broiled chicken in the oven.
14	Bake	To cook food in an oven.	پختن در فر	She baked cookies for her friends.	I love to bake bread on weekends.
15	Fry	To cook food in hot oil.	سرخ کردن	He fried eggs for breakfast.	I fried potatoes until crispy.
16	Boil	To heat liquid until it bubbles.	جوشاندن	She boiled water for tea.	I boiled pasta for ten minutes.

✏️ Part 1: Fill in the Blanks with the Correct Verb

(Use the correct form of the verb in simple present tense)

She ___ (like) ice cream.
They ___ (play) football every Sunday.
He ___ (go) to school by bus.
I ___ (read) books in the evening.
My father ___ (work) in an office.
We ___ (watch) TV after dinner.
The baby ___ (cry) loudly.
You ___ (speak) English very well.
Riya and Sam ___ (walk) to the park.
The sun ___ (rise) in the east.

🎯 Part 2: Make Negative Sentences

(Use don’t or doesn’t to make the sentence negative)

He eats vegetables.
➤ ______________________________________
They play cricket.
➤ ______________________________________
She sings well.
➤ ______________________________________
I watch cartoons.
➤ ______________________________________
The dog barks at night.
➤ ______________________________________
You like tea.
➤ ______________________________________
We live in Delhi.
➤ ______________________________________
Rahul drinks milk.
➤ ______________________________________
My friends swim in the pool.
➤ ______________________________________
She goes to school.
➤ ______________________________________

❓ Part 3: Make Questions in Simple Present

(Use Do or Does to make questions)

She speaks French.
➤ ______________________________________
They go to the gym.
➤ ______________________________________
He plays the guitar.
➤ ______________________________________
You like mangoes.
➤ ______________________________________
The boy reads a book.
➤ ______________________________________
We visit our grandparents.
➤ ______________________________________
Rohan dances well.
➤ ______________________________________
I eat rice.
➤ ______________________________________
She studies English.
➤ ______________________________________
Dogs bark loudly.
➤ ______________________________________

Homework

Task Type	Homework
practice	complete the practice setion and copy the practice in your notebooks.
Speaking	Topic of speaking, conversation, group discustion , etc will be share form teacher side on class.
Vocabulary	copy the vocabulary words in your notebooks and add 2 examples for each words.
Grammar	Practice and memorize the grammar since you have to answer the teachers questions on class next class.

Day 17

“Success is not the key to happiness. Knowledge and growth are the keys to success.”

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence	Your Example
301	Intentional	Done on purpose or deliberately	قصدی، عمدی	The damage to the car was clearly intentional.
302	Insure	To protect financially through insurance	تضمین کردن	You should insure your house against fire.
303	Inaugurate	To formally open or begin something	افتتاح کردن	The mayor will inaugurate the new hospital tomorrow.
304	Inaugural	Relating to the first event or ceremony	افتتاحیه	He gave his inaugural speech as the new president.
305	Interim government	A temporary ruling authority	دولت انتقالی	The interim government will oversee elections.
306	Involvement	The act of participating or being engaged	درگیری، گرفتاری	Her involvement in the project was essential.
307	Individual	Single person or thing; personal	فردی، شخصی، افرادی	Every individual has rights.
308	Indifferent	Having no particular interest; unconcerned	خونسرد	He was indifferent to the results.
309	Intellectual	Relating to intelligence or reasoning	خردمند	She is known for her intellectual strength.
310	Independent	Not controlled by others; self-reliant	مستقل	He started living an independent life at 18.
311	Independence	Freedom from control or influence	استقلال، آزادی	The country celebrated 50 years of independence.
312	Embassy	The official office of a country in another nation	سفارت	I visited the Indian Embassy for a visa.
313	Inform	To give someone facts or information	آگاه کردن	The teacher informed the students about the new rules.
314	Import	To bring goods or services from abroad	وارد کردن	They import cars from Germany.
315	Investigate	To look into or examine in detail	تحقیق کردن	The police are investigating the case.
316	Innocent	Not guilty of a crime or offense	بی‌گناه	The jury found him innocent.
317	Impartial	Fair and not biased	بی‌طرف	A judge must remain impartial at all times.
318	Illustrate	To explain something clearly with examples or visuals	شرح دادن، توضیح دادن	He used diagrams to illustrate his point.
319	Grace	Elegance and smoothness	وقار	She accepted the award with grace.
320	Graceful	Showing elegance or beauty in movement	باوقار، باعزت	The dancer’s movements were graceful and calm.

Simple Past Tense

1. Structures of Simple Past Tense

Form	Structure	Example
Affirmative (مثبت)	S + V₂ + Complement	She read a book yesterday.
Interrogative (سوالی)	Did + S + V₁ + Complement?	Did she read a book yesterday?
Negative (منفی)	S + Did + Not + V₁ + Complement	She did not read a book yesterday.
Negative Interrogative (سوال منفی)	Did + S + Not + V₁ + Complement?	Did she not read a book yesterday?

2. Usages of Simple Past Tense

Usage Type	Explanation	Example	Dari/Farsi Translation
1. Completed Past Actions	Shows a finished action in the past. Often with time words: yesterday, last week, etc.	I met him last night.	من او را شب گذشته ملاقات کردم.
2. Past Questions	To ask about actions or events in the past.	When did you arrive?	چه وقت رسیدی؟
3. Past Habits	With words like always to describe old habits.	He always walked to school.	او همیشه پیاده به مکتب می‌رفت.

3. Grammatical Notes

Rule	Explanation	Example
Use V₂ for Affirmative Sentences	Use the second form of the verb.	She went home.
Use “Did” in Questions/Negatives	Use did and the base form of the verb (V₁) in questions and negatives.	Did you see it? / He did not go.
Irregular vs Regular Verbs	Regular: add -ed; Irregular: change form.	Work → Worked, Go → Went
V₂ ≠ V₁ for Irregular Verbs	Past form is different for irregular verbs.	See → Saw, Eat → Ate
No S/ES in Past Tense	Do not add s/es to any verb in past tense.	He played, He plays (past)

More Examples

English Sentence	Translation (Dari/Farsi)
I visited my grandmother last weekend.	من آخر هفته گذشته به دیدن مادربزرگم رفتم.
He didn’t like the movie.	او فلم را دوست نداشت.
Did they finish the project on time?	آیا آنها پروژه را به موقع ختم کردند؟
She stayed at home yesterday.	او دیروز در خانه ماند.

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning (معنی فارسی)	Example Sentence	Your Example
1	Hook	A curved piece of metal or plastic used for hanging things.	قلاب	She hung her bag on the wall hook.	I keep my keys on a small hook near the door.
2	Hanger	A shaped piece of plastic or wood used to hang clothes.	چوب‌لباسی	He put his jacket on a hanger.	All my shirts are on hangers in the closet.
3	Closet	A small room or space used for storing clothes.	کمد لباس	She opened the closet to choose a dress.	The closet is full of winter clothes.
4	Jewelry box	A box for keeping jewelry safe and organized.	جعبه جواهر	She placed her necklace in the jewelry box.	My jewelry box has a mirror inside.
5	Mirror	A surface that reflects images.	آینه	He looked in the mirror before leaving.	I cleaned the mirror this morning.
6	Comb	A tool with teeth used to arrange hair.	شانه	She combed her hair carefully.	I always keep a comb in my bag.
7	Hairbrush	A brush used for grooming hair.	برس مو	She brushed her hair with a soft hairbrush.	The hairbrush is on the dressing table.
8	Alarm clock	A clock that makes a sound at a set time to wake someone up.	ساعت زنگ‌دار	The alarm clock rang at 6 a.m.	I set my alarm clock before sleeping.
9	Bureau	A chest of drawers for storing clothes.	کمد کشودار	She kept her clothes neatly in the bureau.	The bureau has a large mirror on top.
10	Curtain	A piece of cloth that covers a window.	پرده	She opened the curtains to let in sunlight.	I bought new blue curtains for my room.
11	Air conditioner	A machine that cools or heats a room.	کولر گازی	The air conditioner keeps the room comfortable.	We turned on the air conditioner in summer.
12	Blinds	Window coverings made of slats that can be tilted open or closed.	کرکره	He closed the blinds to block the sunlight.	The blinds match the color of the walls.
13	Tissues	Soft disposable paper used for cleaning or wiping.	دستمال کاغذی	She handed me a box of tissues.	I keep tissues on my night table.
14	Headboard	The upright panel at the head of a bed.	تخته سر تخت	The headboard was made of wood.	She leaned against the headboard while reading.
15	Pillowcase	A cover for a pillow.	روبالشی	She changed the pillowcases every week.	The pillowcase has a floral design.
16	Pillow	A soft cushion used to support the head while sleeping.	بالش	She placed two pillows on the bed.	I sleep with a soft pillow every night.
17	Mattress	A large soft pad used on a bed for sleeping.	تشک	The mattress is very comfortable.	We bought a new mattress for our bed.
18	Box spring	A base with springs that supports a mattress.	پایه فنری تشک	The mattress rests on a sturdy box spring.	The bed feels higher with the box spring.
19	(Flat) sheet	A large piece of cloth used to cover the mattress.	ملحفه تخت	She spread a clean sheet over the bed.	The sheet was soft and fresh.
20	Blanket	A thick warm cover used on a bed.	پتو	He covered himself with a wool blanket.	I folded the blanket neatly at the end of the bed.
21	Bed	A piece of furniture used for sleeping.	تختخواب	The bed was covered with a soft comforter.	I made my bed after waking up.
22	Comforter	A thick, fluffy blanket used for warmth.	لحاف ضخیم	She bought a new comforter for winter.	The comforter kept me warm all night.
23	Bedspread	A decorative cover for a bed.	رو تختی	The bedspread matched the curtains.	She changed the bedspread to a lighter one.
24	Footboard	The upright panel at the foot of a bed.	تخته پایین تخت	The bed has a wooden footboard.	The footboard was carved beautifully.
25	Light switch	A switch used to turn lights on or off.	کلید برق	She turned off the lights with the light switch.	The light switch is near the door.
26	Phone	A device used for talking to others over a distance.	تلفن	She answered the phone quickly.	I called my friend on the phone.
a	Cord	A long wire that connects an electrical device.	سیم برق	The phone cord was tangled.	I plugged in the lamp’s cord.
b	Jack	The socket or hole where a plug or cord is inserted.	پریز یا محل اتصال	The phone jack is near the bed.	He connected the charger to the jack.
27	Night table	A small table beside a bed.	میز کنار تخت	There’s a lamp on the night table.	I keep my book on the night table.
28	Rug	A small carpet used to cover part of the floor.	قالیچه	She placed a rug beside the bed.	The rug feels soft under my feet.
29	Floor	The lower surface of a room where people walk.	کف اتاق	The floor was made of polished wood.	I cleaned the floor this morning.
30	Chest of drawers	A piece of furniture with drawers for storing clothes.	کمد کشودار	She keeps her clothes in the chest of drawers.	The chest of drawers is next to the mirror.

✅ Part 1: Fill in the Blanks with the Correct Verb

(Use the V₂ form of the verb – simple past)

She ___ (visit) her aunt last week.
They ___ (play) football yesterday.
He ___ (go) to school on Monday.
I ___ (read) an interesting story.
My father ___ (work) late last night.
We ___ (watch) a movie on Sunday.
The baby ___ (cry) for two hours.
You ___ (speak) very well in the meeting.
Riya and Sam ___ (walk) home after class.
The sun ___ (rise) at 6:00 AM.

❌ Part 2: Make Negative Sentences

(Use did not + V₁ to make the sentence negative)

He watched the movie.
➤ ______________________________________
They played cricket.
➤ ______________________________________
She sang beautifully.
➤ ______________________________________
I ate breakfast early.
➤ ______________________________________
The dog barked at night.
➤ ______________________________________
You liked the food.
➤ ______________________________________
We visited the museum.
➤ ______________________________________
Rahul drank juice.
➤ ______________________________________
My friends swam in the river.
➤ ______________________________________
She went to school.
➤ ______________________________________

❓ Part 3: Make Questions in Simple Past

(Use Did + subject + V₁ to make questions)

She spoke French.
➤ ______________________________________
They visited the zoo.
➤ ______________________________________
He played the piano.
➤ ______________________________________
You liked the movie.
➤ ______________________________________
The boy read a book.
➤ ______________________________________
We cleaned the room.
➤ ______________________________________
Rohan danced well.
➤ ______________________________________
I cooked dinner.
➤ ______________________________________
She studied for the test.
➤ ______________________________________
Dogs barked loudly.
➤ ______________________________________

Homework

Task Type	Homework
practice	complete the practice setion and copy the practice in your notebooks.
Speaking	Topic of speaking, conversation, group discustion , etc will be share form teacher side on class.
Vocabulary	copy the vocabulary words in your notebooks and add 2 examples for each words.
Grammar	Practice and memorize the grammar since you have to answer the teachers questions on class next class.

Day 18

“Knowledge will bring you the opportunity to make a difference.” — Claire Fagin

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence	Your Example
321	Graceless	Lacking charm or elegance	بی‌وقار، بی‌عزت	His graceless behavior embarrassed the whole team.
322	Gracious	Kind, courteous, and generous	مهربان	She was gracious in victory and humble in defeat.
323	Grant	To give or allow officially; a gift or permission	عطا، بخشش، عطا کردن	The government granted him a scholarship.
324	Grand	Magnificent or impressive	مجلل، باشکوه	They held a grand wedding ceremony.
325	Grovel	To act overly humble or submissive	پروت، پروت کردن	He groveled at his boss’s feet for forgiveness.
326	Guarantor	A person who guarantees something or takes responsibility	ضامن، ضمانت‌کننده	The bank asked for a guarantor before giving the loan.
327	Gratify	To please or satisfy someone	برآورده ساختن	It gratified him to see his students succeed.
328	Goodness	The quality of being good	خوبی، نیکی	Her heart was full of kindness and goodness.
329	Getaway	An escape or short trip; to escape	گریز، فرار، گمشو	The thief made a quick getaway.
330	Gallant	Brave, heroic, or noble-minded	شجاع، دلاور	The soldier made a gallant effort to protect the civilians.
331	Gang	A group of people, often involved in crime	گروپ	The police arrested a dangerous gang last night.
332	Grief	Deep sorrow, especially from loss	غم	She was filled with grief after losing her father.
333	Goal	An aim, purpose, or target	هدف، مرام، مقصد	His goal is to become a successful entrepreneur.
334	Galaxy	A system of millions of stars	کهکشان	The Milky Way is the galaxy we live in.
335	Gain	To obtain or achieve something	کسب کردن	He gained respect through hard work.
336	Gainful	Bringing in profit or benefits	مفید، سودمند	He finally found a gainful job after months of searching.
337	Haste	Quickness or urgency of movement	عجله کردن، عجله	In his haste, he forgot to bring his ID.
338	Hasty	Done with excessive speed; rushed	عجول، عجله‌کننده	Don’t make a hasty decision—think carefully.
339	Hurry	To move or act quickly	عجله کردن	Hurry up! The train is about to leave.
340	Handiwork	Work done by hand or personal effort	کار دستی	The rug is a beautiful piece of Afghan handiwork.

Simple Future Tense

1. Structures of Simple Future Tense

Form	Structure	Example
Affirmative (مثبت)	S + Will/Shall + V₁ + Complement	I shall meet you.
Interrogative (سوالی)	Will/Shall + S + V₁ + Complement?	Shall I meet you?
Negative (منفی)	S + Will/Shall + Not + V₁ + Complement	I shall not meet you.
Negative Interrogative (سوال منفی)	Will/Shall + S + Not + V₁ + Complement?	Shall I not meet you?

2. Alternative Structure (To be going to)

Form	Structure	Example
Affirmative (مثبت)	S + To be (am/is/are) + going to + V₁ + Complement	She is going to visit her mother.
Interrogative (سوالی)	To be + S + going to + V₁ + Complement?	Is she going to visit her mother?
Negative (منفی)	S + To be + not + going to + V₁ + Complement	She is not going to visit her mother.
Negative Interrogative (سوال منفی)	To be + S + not + going to + V₁ + Complement?	Is she not going to visit her mother?

Note: The second structure (to be going to) is often used informally to express intention or plans.
قابل ذکر است که فورمول دوم برای نشان دادن قصد یا قرار قبلی استعمال می‌گردد.

3. Usages of Simple Future Tense

Usage Type	Explanation	Example	Dari/Farsi Translation
1. Action in the Future	Describes an action that will happen at a specific time in the future.	We shall leave here tomorrow.	ما فردا از اینجا خواهیم رفت.
2. Intentions or Plans (informal)	To express something that is planned to be done. Often used with “going to”.	They are going to travel next week.	آنها هفته آینده سفر خواهند کرد.
Common Time Adverbs	tomorrow, next week, next month, soon, in 5 minutes, in 2026, etc.	He will call you in the evening.	او شام به تو زنگ خواهد زد.

4. Grammatical Notes

Rule	Explanation	Example
Use will/shall for future actions	“Will” is more common; “Shall” is used with I/we (mostly British English)	I shall help you. / She will come.
Use base form (V₁) after will/shall	Do not add “s”, “ed”, or “ing”	He will go. He will goes.
To be + going to for intentions	Use am/is/are + going to + base verb	We are going to attend the class.
Shall is optional and formal	“Will” is more common in spoken English	I will see you later.

More Examples

English Sentence	Translation (Dari/Farsi)
They will go to Pakistan next week.	آنها هفته آینده به پاکستان خواهند رفت.
I am going to start a new project soon.	من به زودی یک پروژه جدید را شروع خواهم کرد.
Will you join the meeting tomorrow?	آیا فردا در جلسه شرکت می‌کنی؟
She will not be here next month.	او ماه آینده اینجا نخواهد بود.
Are you not going to help your friend?	آیا به دوستت کمک نخواهی کرد؟

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning (معنی فارسی)	Example Sentence	Your Example
1	Carpenter’s rule	A folding ruler used by carpenters for measuring.	خط‌کش نجاری	The carpenter used a carpenter’s rule to measure the board.	—
2	C-clamp	A metal clamp shaped like a “C” used to hold objects tightly.	گیره C شکل	He tightened the wood using a C-clamp.	—
3	Jigsaw	A power saw used for cutting curves in wood or metal.	اره مویی برقی	She cut shapes from plywood with a jigsaw.	—
4	Wood	Material from trees used for building or making things.	چوب	The table is made of solid wood.	—
5	Extension cord	A long electrical cable used to extend reach of power.	سیم رابط	He plugged the drill into an extension cord.	—
6	Outlet	A socket where an electric plug is inserted.	پریز برق	The outlet is near the workbench.	—
7	Grounding plug	A plug with a third prong for safety.	دوشاخه ارت‌دار	Always use a grounding plug for power tools.	—
8	Saw	A tool with a toothed blade for cutting wood or metal.	اره	He used a saw to cut the plank in half.	—
9	Brace	A hand tool for drilling holes, turned by a handle.	دریل دستی	The old carpenter used a brace to make holes.	—
10	Wrench	A tool for turning nuts and bolts.	آچار	He loosened the bolt with a wrench.	—
11	Mallet	A hammer with a large wooden head.	چکش چوبی	He tapped the chisel with a mallet.	—
12	Monkey wrench	An adjustable wrench with smooth jaws.	آچار لوله‌گیر	He fixed the pipe using a monkey wrench.	—
13	Hammer	A tool with a heavy head used to hit nails.	چکش	She hammered the nail into the wall.	—
14	Scraper	A tool used to remove paint or dirt from surfaces.	کاردک	He used a scraper to clean the wall.	—
15	Pegboard	A board with holes for hanging tools.	تخته سوراخ‌دار ابزار	The tools were neatly arranged on a pegboard.	—
16	Hook	A curved metal piece for hanging objects.	قلاب	He hung the hammer on a hook.	—
17	Hatchet	A small axe used with one hand.	تبر کوچک	He chopped small branches with a hatchet.	—
18	Hacksaw	A fine-toothed saw for cutting metal.	اره آهن‌بر	He used a hacksaw to cut a metal pipe.	—
19	Pliers	A hand tool for gripping or bending things.	انبر	She used pliers to twist the wire.	—
20	Circular saw	A power saw with a circular blade.	اره دایره‌ای	He cut the boards using a circular saw.	—
21	Tape measure	A flexible ruler for measuring lengths.	متر نواری	He measured the wall with a tape measure.	—
22	Workbench	A sturdy table for working on projects.	میز کار	His tools are organized on the workbench.	—
23	Toolbox	A box for storing tools.	جعبه ابزار	He put the screwdriver back in the toolbox.	—
24	Screwdriver	A tool for turning screws.	پیچ‌گوشتی	She tightened the screw with a screwdriver.	—
25	Phillips screwdriver	A screwdriver with a cross-shaped tip.	پیچ‌گوشتی چهارسو	Use a Phillips screwdriver for this screw.	—
26	Power sander	A machine that smooths surfaces using sandpaper.	سنباده‌زن برقی	He smoothed the wood with a power sander.	—
27	Sandpaper	Paper coated with abrasive material for smoothing.	کاغذ سنباده	She used sandpaper to smooth the table.	—
28	Pan	A shallow container for holding paint or liquid.	سینی رنگ	He poured paint into the pan.	—
29	Roller	A cylinder used to apply paint evenly.	غلتک رنگ	She painted the wall using a roller.	—
30	Paintbrush	A brush for applying paint.	قلم‌مو	He used a small paintbrush for the edges.	—
31	Paint	Colored liquid used for covering surfaces.	رنگ	They painted the room blue.	—
32	Wood plane	A tool for smoothing or shaping wood.	رنده چوب	He smoothed the surface using a wood plane.	—
33	Glue	A sticky substance for joining materials.	چسب	She glued the broken chair leg.	—
34	Electrical tape	Insulating tape used on wires.	نوار برق	He wrapped the wires with electrical tape.	—
35	Wire	A thin flexible metal strand that carries electricity.	سیم	He cut the wire with pliers.	—
36	Vise	A tool for holding an object firmly while working.	گیره کار	He clamped the board in the vise.	—
37	Router	A power tool used for shaping wood edges.	فرز نجاری	He carved designs using a router.	—
38	Bolt	A metal fastener used with a nut.	پیچ مهره‌ای	He tightened the bolt securely.	—
39	Nut	A small metal piece with a hole that fits a bolt.	مهره	The nut fits tightly on the bolt.	—
40	Washer	A flat metal ring placed under a bolt or nut.	واشر	He added a washer before tightening the nut.	—
41	Nail	A small metal spike used to join things.	میخ	She hammered a nail into the wall.	—
42	Screw	A metal fastener with a spiral ridge.	پیچ	He fixed the hinge with a screw.	—
a	Head (of a screw)	The top part turned by a tool.	سر پیچ	The screw head was damaged.	—
b	Thread (of a screw)	The spiral ridge on a screw.	رزوه پیچ	The screw thread was worn out.	—
43	Electric drill	A power tool used for drilling holes.	دریل برقی	He drilled holes using an electric drill.	—
a	Bit	The cutting part of a drill.	مته	He changed the drill bit for a larger hole.	—
b	Shank	The smooth part of a drill bit that fits into the drill.	ساقه مته	The shank fits tightly into the chuck.	—
c	Switch	A button for turning the tool on/off.	کلید روشن/خاموش	Press the switch to start the drill.	—
d	Plug	The device that connects the drill to an outlet.	دوشاخه	He inserted the plug into the outlet.	—

✅ Part 1: Fill in the Blanks with the Correct Future Form

(Use will/shall + V₁ OR am/is/are going to + V₁)

I ___ (call) you tomorrow.
She ___ (start) her new job next week.
We ___ (travel) to Kabul in summer.
He ___ (not come) to the party.
They ___ (visit) their grandmother soon.
You ___ (see) the doctor in the evening.
I ___ (not forget) your birthday.
The children ___ (play) outside after lunch.
My brother ___ (be) here at 6 PM.
It ___ (rain) today. Look at those clouds!

❌ Part 2: Make Negative Sentences

(Use will/shall not + V₁ OR am/is/are not going to + V₁)

She will meet him.
➤ ______________________________________
I am going to study medicine.
➤ ______________________________________
They will help us.
➤ ______________________________________
We are going to visit the museum.
➤ ______________________________________
He will call you in the morning.
➤ ______________________________________
She is going to cook dinner.
➤ ______________________________________
You will enjoy the trip.
➤ ______________________________________
I will buy a new laptop.
➤ ______________________________________
They are going to clean the house.
➤ ______________________________________
We shall see you later.
➤ ______________________________________

❓ Part 3: Make Questions in Simple Future

(Use Will/Shall + subject + V₁ OR Am/Is/Are + subject + going to + V₁)

He will arrive soon.
➤ ______________________________________
I am going to start a business.
➤ ______________________________________
They are going to meet the teacher.
➤ ______________________________________
You will help me, right?
➤ ______________________________________
She is going to call you.
➤ ______________________________________
We shall join you after lunch.
➤ ______________________________________
He will go to America next year.
➤ ______________________________________
I will talk to her later.
➤ ______________________________________
The children are going to perform on stage.
➤ ______________________________________
She will teach us tomorrow.
➤ ______________________________________

Homework

Task Type	Homework
practice	complete the practice setion and copy the practice in your notebooks.
Speaking	Topic of speaking, conversation, group discustion , etc will be share form teacher side on class.
Vocabulary	copy the vocabulary words in your notebooks and add 2 examples for each words.
Grammar	Practice and memorize the grammar since you have to answer the teachers questions on class next class.

Day 19

“Education is the passport to the future, for tomorrow belongs to those who prepare for it today.” — Malcolm X

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence	Your Example
341	Hall	A large room or building for meetings or events	تالار	The ceremony was held in a large hall.
342	Hand over	To give or transfer something	تسلیم کردن	He was forced to hand over the documents.
343	Hire	To employ someone for a job	استخدام کردن	We need to hire more staff this season.
344	Habitual	Done regularly or repeatedly	عادتی	He is a habitual latecomer.
345	Halve	To divide into two equal parts	نیم کردن	Halve the cake and share it equally.
346	Honor	High respect or esteem	آبرو، حیثیت	It’s an honor to receive this award.
347	Honorable	Deserving of respect or high regard	محترم	He lived an honorable life.
348	Humanitarian	Concerned with human welfare	انسانی، انسان‌دوست	She works for a humanitarian organization.
349	Human rights	Basic rights and freedoms every person is entitled to	حقوق بشر	Freedom of speech is a basic human right.
350	Instrument	A tool or device used for a particular task	اسباب	The guitar is a musical instrument.
351	Implement	To put a plan or idea into effect	عملی کردن	The new policy will be implemented next year.
352	Illegal	Not allowed by law	غیرقانونی	Carrying weapons without a license is illegal.
353	Idol	An image or object worshipped as a god	بُت	In ancient times, people worshipped idols.
354	Idolatry	Worship of idols or excessive admiration	بُت‌پرستی	The religion forbids idolatry.
355	Imprison	To put someone in prison	زندانی ساختن	He was imprisoned for theft.
356	Joint	A connection between two parts; shared	وصل کردن، مشترک	They issued a joint statement.
357	Jealousy	Feeling of envy toward someone’s success or possessions	بخیلی	Her jealousy caused many problems in their friendship.
358	Journey	A trip or travel from one place to another	سفر	Their journey across the desert was long and tiring.
359	Judicial	Related to law, courts, or justice	قوه قضاییه	The judicial system must be fair to all citizens.
360	Justify	To show or prove something is right or reasonable	تصدیق کردن	He tried to justify his actions with poor excuses.

Present Continuous / Progressive Tense

1. Structures of Present Continuous Tense

Form	Structure	Example
Affirmative (مثبت)	S + am/is/are + V-ing + Complement	I am studying English.
Interrogative (سوالی)	Am/Is/Are + S + V-ing + Complement?	Are you studying English?
Negative Interrogative	Am/Is/Are + S + Not + V-ing + Complement?	Is he not studying English?
Negative (منفی)	S + am/is/are + not + V-ing + Complement	I am not studying English.

Note: When contractions are used (e.g., isn’t, aren’t), “Not + Subject” order can also be used:
Isn’t he coming? → Is not he coming? (less common in modern usage)

2. Grammatical Notes (Adding ING)

Rule	Explanation	Example
Drop the ‘e’ and add –ing	For verbs ending in silent ‘e’, drop the e before adding –ing.	Make → Making, Take → Taking
Keep double ‘e’ as it is	If a verb ends in –ee, no changes are made.	Agree → Agreeing
Add an extra ‘k’ after ‘c’ + ING	For verbs ending in a hard consonant like ‘c’, add k before –ing.	Picnic → Picnicking

3. Usages of Present Continuous Tense

Usage Type	Explanation	Example	Dari/Farsi Translation
1. Action in Progress Now	Action happening at the moment of speaking. Often with: now, right now, currently.	We are studying our lesson right now.	ما همین حالا در حال درس خواندن هستیم.
2. Planned Future Events	Events scheduled to happen in near future.	He is coming here tomorrow.	او فردا به اینجا می‌آید.
3. Ongoing Action (not necessarily now)	An action that is in progress these days, but not necessarily this second.	Ahmad is working in a bank.	احمد در یک بانک کار می‌کند.

More Examples

English Sentence	Translation (Dari/Farsi)
I’m watching TV right now.	من همین حالا تلویزیون تماشا می‌کنم.
Are they coming to class today?	آیا آنها امروز به صنف می‌آیند؟
He isn’t working this week.	او این هفته کار نمی‌کند.
She is studying graphic design these days.	او این روزها دیزاین گرافیک می‌خواند.

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning (معنی فارسی)	Example Sentence	Your Example
1	Fold	To bend something (like clothes or paper) so one part lies on another.	تا کردن	She folded the laundry neatly.	—
2	Scrub	To clean something hard using a brush.	سابیدن	He scrubbed the floor with soap and water.	—
3	Polish	To make something smooth and shiny by rubbing.	براق کردن	She polished the table with wax.	—
4	Tighten	To make something more secure or firm.	سفت کردن	He tightened the screw with a wrench.	—
5	Wipe	To clean or dry by rubbing.	پاک کردن	She wiped the table after dinner.	—
6	Hang	To attach or suspend something from above.	آویزان کردن	He hung the picture on the wall.	—
7	Sweep	To clean with a broom.	جارو کردن	She swept the kitchen floor.	—
8	Make (the bed)	To arrange the bed neatly after sleeping.	مرتب کردن تختخواب	He makes his bed every morning.	—
9	Dry	To remove moisture or water.	خشک کردن	She dried the dishes with a towel.	—
10	Repair	To fix something broken.	تعمیر کردن	He repaired the broken chair.	—
11	Iron	To press clothes to remove wrinkles.	اتو کردن	She ironed her shirt for work.	—
12	Oil	To apply oil to make something smooth.	روغن زدن	He oiled the door hinges.	—
13	Change (the sheets)	To replace old bed sheets with clean ones.	تعویض ملحفه	She changed the sheets every week.	—
14	Vacuum	To clean using a vacuum cleaner.	جاروبرقی کشیدن	He vacuumed the living room carpet.	—
15	Dust	To remove dust from surfaces.	گردگیری کردن	She dusted the shelves carefully.	—
16	Wash	To clean using water.	شستن	He washed the dishes after lunch.	—

Part 1: Fill in the Blanks (Choose the correct verb form)

Use am/is/are + verb-ing. Choose the correct answer.

Sentence	Options	Answer
1. I ________ (read) a book right now.	a) is reading b) am reading c) are reading	[ ]
2. She ________ (make) dinner in the kitchen.	a) are making b) is making c) am making	[ ]
3. They ________ (watch) a movie.	a) is watching b) are watching c) am watching	[ ]
4. We ________ (learn) English these days.	a) is learning b) are learning c) am learning	[ ]
5. He ________ (not/play) football.	a) is not playing b) are not playing c) am not playing	[ ]
6. You ________ (study) hard for the test.	a) is studying b) are studying c) am studying	[ ]
7. The cat ________ (sleep) on the sofa.	a) are sleeping b) is sleeping c) am sleeping	[ ]
8. My parents ________ (work) today.	a) is working b) are working c) am working	[ ]
9. I ________ (not/listen) to music.	a) is not listening b) are not listening c) am not listening	[ ]
10. We ________ (go) to the market.	a) is going b) are going c) am going	[ ]

🔹 Part 2: Correct the Mistake

Each sentence has a mistake. Write the correct sentence.

She are going to the market.
➤ ___________________________________________
I is working on a new project.
➤ ___________________________________________
They am cleaning their room.
➤ ___________________________________________
We is not watching TV.
➤ ___________________________________________
He are eating breakfast.
➤ ___________________________________________
You is doing your homework.
➤ ___________________________________________
My friends is playing outside.
➤ ___________________________________________
It are raining today.
➤ ___________________________________________
We am traveling tomorrow.
➤ ___________________________________________
I are sleeping now.
➤ ___________________________________________

🔹 Part 3: Make Negative Sentences

Change the affirmative sentence into negative.

Affirmative Sentence	Negative Sentence
1. He is eating lunch.	__________________________________
2. I am writing an email.	__________________________________
3. They are playing cricket.	__________________________________
4. She is singing a song.	__________________________________
5. We are studying now.	__________________________________
6. It is raining outside.	__________________________________
7. The students are listening carefully.	__________________________________
8. I am going to school.	__________________________________
9. He is reading the newspaper.	__________________________________
10. You are running fast.	__________________________________

🔹 Part 4: Make Questions (Yes/No Form)

Change each sentence into a question using am/is/are.

Statement	Question
1. He is working today.	___________________________?
2. They are cooking dinner.	___________________________?
3. She is using a laptop.	___________________________?
4. I am going to school.	___________________________?
5. We are learning English.	___________________________?
6. You are driving now.	___________________________?
7. It is making noise.	___________________________?
8. They are coming late.	___________________________?
9. He is fixing the car.	___________________________?
10. I am watching a movie.	___________________________?

Homework

Task Type	Homework
practice	complete the practice setion and copy the practice in your notebooks.
Speaking	Topic of speaking, conversation, group discustion , etc will be share form teacher side on class.
Vocabulary	copy the vocabulary words in your notebooks and add 2 examples for each words.
Grammar	Practice and memorize the grammar since you have to answer the teachers questions on class next class.

Day 20

“The function of education is to teach one to think intensively and to think critically.” — Martin Luther King Jr.

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence	Your Example
361	Jury	A group of people who decide a court case	هیئت ژوری	The jury found the defendant guilty.
362	Juror	A member of the jury	عضو هیئت ژوری	Each juror listened carefully to the evidence.
363	Jeer	To mock or make fun of	طعنه، طعنه دادن	The crowd jeered at the losing team.
364	Jealous	Feeling envy of another’s possessions or success	بخیل	He was jealous of his brother’s achievements.
365	Jewel	A precious stone; something valuable	جوهر، گوهر	She wore a necklace with a beautiful jewel.
366	Jail	A place for holding people who have broken the law	زندان	He spent two years in jail.
367	Jog	To run at a slow, steady pace	آهسته دویدن	She jogs every morning in the park.
368	Imitate	To copy someone’s actions or behavior	تقلید کردن	Children often imitate their parents.
369	Imitation	A copy of something	تقلید	The watch was an imitation of a famous brand.
370	Imitator	A person who copies others	مقلد	He is a great imitator of famous singers.
371	Sensation	A physical feeling or intense emotion	احساس	The cold water gave me a strange sensation.
372	Invent	To create something new	اختراع کردن	He invented a device to purify water.
373	Income	Money received, especially on a regular basis	عاید، درآمد	Her monthly income is more than $1,000.
374	Island	A land mass surrounded by water	جزیره	They spent their vacation on a tropical island.
375	Invention	A new device or method created through study or experimentation	اختراع، ابتکار	The invention of the telephone changed the world.
376	King	A male ruler of a country	پادشاه	The king ruled with wisdom and strength.
377	Kingly	Royal or majestic like a king	شاهانه	He had a kingly appearance at the ceremony.
378	Kidnap	To take someone away illegally by force	اختطاف کردن	The child was kidnapped on his way home.
379	Knowledgeable	Having a lot of knowledge or education	با دانش، عالم	She is very knowledgeable in history.
380	Kingdom	A country ruled by a king or queen	پادشاهی	The kingdom was known for its peace and prosperity.

Past Continuous / Progressive Tense

1. Structures of Past Progressive Tense

Form	Structure	Example
Affirmative (مثبت)	S + Was/Were + V-ing + Complement	Ahmad was painting the wall.
Interrogative (سوالی)	Was/Were + S + V-ing + Complement?	Was Ahmad painting the wall?
Negative (منفی)	S + Was/Were + Not + V-ing + Complement	Ahmad was not painting the wall.
Negative Interrogative (سوال منفی)	Was/Were + S + Not + V-ing + Complement?	Was Ahmad not painting the wall?

2. Usages of Past Progressive Tense

Usage Type	Explanation	Example	Dari/Farsi Translation
1. Ongoing Action in the Past	Describes an action that was happening at a specific time in the past.	He was studying the lesson last night.	او شب گذشته درس می‌خواند.
		She was watching TV at 6:00 o’clock.	او ساعت شش تلویزیون تماشا می‌کرد.
		They were playing ball when I called them.	وقتی من به آن‌ها زنگ زدم، آن‌ها توپ بازی می‌کردند.
		While I was studying, he knocked at the door.	زمانی‌که من درس می‌خواندم، او در را زد.
2. Past Habit with “Always”	Shows a repeated past habit, especially with “always”.	Ahmad and Mahmood were always studying together.	احمد و محمود همیشه با هم درس می‌خواندند.
		They were always walking on the street.	آن‌ها همیشه در خیابان قدم می‌زدند.

3. Grammatical Notes

Rule	Explanation	Example
Use Was with I, He, She, It	For singular subjects in past continuous	She was sleeping.
Use Were with You, We, They	For plural subjects in past continuous	They were playing.
Always use V-ing form of the verb	Add -ing to the base verb	watching, going, reading
Use While/When in complex past actions	To connect two past actions happening at the same time	While he was reading, I was writing.

More Examples

English Sentence	Translation (Dari/Farsi)
I was reading a book when the light went out.	وقتی برق رفت، من کتاب می‌خواندم.
Were they working on the project yesterday?	آیا آن‌ها دیروز روی پروژه کار می‌کردند؟
She was not listening to me.	او به من گوش نمی‌داد.
Was he not doing his homework?	آیا او تکالیفش را انجام نمی‌داد؟
You were always talking in class.	تو همیشه در صنف صحبت می‌کردی.

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence	Your Example
1	Flag	A piece of cloth with a design representing a country or school.	پرچم	The flag hangs at the front of the classroom.	—
2	Clock	A device for showing the time.	ساعت	The clock on the wall shows 10 o’clock.	—
3	Loudspeaker	A device that makes sounds louder.	بلندگو	The teacher spoke through the loudspeaker.	—
4	Teacher	A person who gives lessons.	معلم	The teacher explained the new topic.	—
5	Chalkboard	A blackboard for writing with chalk.	تخته سیاه	She wrote the lesson on the chalkboard.	—
6	Locker	A small storage cabinet for personal things.	کمد قفل‌دار	Students keep books in their lockers.	—
7	Bulletin board	A board for posting notices.	تابلو اعلانات	News and events are on the bulletin board.	—
8	Computer	An electronic machine for study and work.	کامپیوتر	Students practice typing on computers.	—
9	Chalk tray	A small shelf below the board for chalk.	سینی گچ	The chalk tray holds the eraser and chalk.	—
10	Chalk	A white stick used to write on a board.	گچ	She wrote her name with chalk.	—
11	Eraser	A tool used to remove chalk or pencil marks.	پاک‌کن	He used the eraser to clean the board.	—
12	Hall	A corridor or large passage.	راهرو	The students walked through the hall.	—
13	Loose-leaf paper	Paper not bound in a notebook.	کاغذ جداشدنی	She added loose-leaf paper to her binder.	—
14	Ring binder	A folder that holds papers with metal rings.	پوشه حلقه‌ای	He organized his notes in a ring binder.	—
15	Spiral notebook	A notebook bound with a wire spiral.	دفتر سیمی	She opened her spiral notebook to write.	—
16	Desk	A table used by students or teachers.	میز تحریر	He kept his pencils on his desk.	—
17	Glue	A sticky substance used to join things.	چسب	She glued pictures to her notebook.	—
18	Brush	A tool with bristles for painting.	قلم‌مو	He used a brush to paint his project.	—
19	Student	A person who studies at school.	دانش‌آموز	Each student had a math book.	—
20	Pencil sharpener	A device to make pencils sharp.	تراش	She used a pencil sharpener before writing.	—
21	Pencil eraser	A small eraser on the end of a pencil.	پاک‌کن مداد	He erased the mistake with his pencil eraser.	—
22	Ballpoint pen	A pen with a small metal ball for writing.	خودکار	He signed the paper with a ballpoint pen.	—
23	Ruler	A tool used for measuring or drawing lines.	خط‌کش	She drew a straight line with a ruler.	—
24	Pencil	A writing tool made of wood and graphite.	مداد	He wrote his homework with a pencil.	—
25	Thumbtack	A small pin for attaching papers to boards.	پونز	She pinned the note with a thumbtack.	—
26	Textbook	A book used for study in a subject.	کتاب درسی	The English textbook is on the shelf.	—
27	Overhead projector	A device that projects images onto a screen.	دستگاه نمایش اسلاید	The teacher used an overhead projector in class.	—

✅ Section 1: Fill in the Blanks – Choose the Correct Past Continuous Form

(Use was/were + verb-ing)

She __________ (cook) when I arrived.
They __________ (not/sleep) during the movie.
I __________ (study) all night yesterday.
What __________ you __________ (do) at 9 PM?
We __________ (walk) to school when it started to rain.
He __________ (not/watch) TV; he was reading.
My mother __________ (bake) a cake yesterday afternoon.
The kids __________ (play) in the garden.
__________ she __________ (cry) at the party?
While Riya __________ (write), her brother __________ (sleep).

✅ Section 2: Sentence Correction & Creation

(Correct the errors and create new sentences using Past Continuous)

They was going to school.
Was you talking on the phone?
I were playing football with my cousins.
Make a negative sentence: He was singing a song.
Make a question: She was writing a letter.
Correct this: He not was watching TV.
Create a sentence using “while” with two actions.
Make a negative sentence: I was cleaning the house.
Create a sentence: It / rain / when we / leave.
Correct this: Were she coming to the party?

✅ Section 3: Choose the Best Usage – Identify the Correct Sentence

(One correct answer in each. Others have common mistakes students make.)

A. She was cried when I met her.
B. She was crying when I met her.
C. She cried was when I met her.
D. Was she crying when I met her?

A. They weren’t play football yesterday.
B. They was playing football yesterday.
C. They were playing football yesterday.
D. Were they playing football yesterday not?

A. Was he driving too fast?
B. He was drive too fast.
C. He were driving too fast.
D. He was drove too fast.

A. It was snowing while we were walking.
B. It snowing was while we walked.
C. It was snowed while we walking.
D. It snow while we were walk.

A. Were they sleeping when the phone rang?
B. They were sleeping when the phone rang?
C. They was sleeping when the phone rang.
D. Were they sleep when the phone rang?

A. My sister not was studying.
B. My sister was not studying.
C. My sister were not studying.
D. My sister was studying not.

A. While I was read, my friend was call me.
B. While I reading, my friend was calling me.
C. While I was reading, my friend was calling me.
D. While I was reading, my friend calling me.

A. I was play the guitar.
B. I playing the guitar.
C. I was playing the guitar.
D. I were playing the guitar.

A. They was working late yesterday.
B. They working late yesterday.
C. They were working late yesterday.
D. They are working late yesterday.

A. Was he not coming?
B. Was not he coming?
C. He was not coming?
D. Wasn’t he coming?

📝 Homework

Task Type	Homework
practice	complete the practice setion and copy the practice in your notebooks.
Speaking	Topic of speaking, conversation, group discustion , etc will be share form teacher side on class.
Vocabulary	copy the vocabulary words in your notebooks and add 2 examples for each words.
Grammar	Practice and memorize the grammar since you have to answer the teachers questions on class next class.

Day 21

“The more I read, the more I acquire, the more certain I am that I know nothing.” — Voltaire

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence	Your Example
381	Knit	To make fabric by looping yarn with needles	بافتن	My grandmother knits scarves in winter.
382	Kidnapper	A person who takes someone away illegally	اختطاف‌کننده	The kidnapper was arrested by the police.
383	Kind	Gentle, caring, and helpful	مهربان	She is a very kind teacher.
384	Loot	To steal things during chaos or war	غارت کردن، چپاول کردن	Rioters began to loot the shopping mall.
385	Looter	A person who steals during chaos	غارت‌گر	The looters ran away when police arrived.
386	Lose	To no longer have something; to misplace	از دست دادن	Be careful not to lose your phone.
387	Lend	To give something temporarily	قرض دادن	Can you lend me your book for a day?
388	Loyal	Faithful and devoted	باوفا، وفادار	Dogs are known to be loyal animals.
389	Loyalty	The quality of being faithful	اخلاص، وفاداری	His loyalty to his friends is admirable.
390	Mismanage	To handle badly or ineffectively	اداره ضعیف	The company failed because of mismanagement.
391	Mispronounce	To say a word incorrectly	غلط تلفظ کردن	She mispronounced the guest’s name.
392	Movement	A group effort to bring change or progress	جنبش، نهضت	The civil rights movement made history.
393	Magic	Supernatural powers or effects	جادو	The magician performed amazing magic tricks.
394	Misery	Great suffering or unhappiness	بدبختی	War brought misery to the nation.
395	Murder	The crime of killing someone intentionally	به قتل رساندن	He was arrested for murder.
396	Murderer	A person who kills someone on purpose	قاتل	The murderer confessed to the crime.
397	Mission	A special task or duty	مأموریت	The soldiers returned after completing their mission.
398	Material	A substance used to make things	مواد	This dress is made of soft material.
399	Maintain	To support or keep something in good condition	حمایت کردن، پشتیبانی کردن	It’s important to maintain good health.
400	Military	Relating to the armed forces	نظامی	He served in the military for ten years.

Future Continuous / Progressive Tense

1. Structures of Future Progressive Tense

Structure 1: Using “will/shall be + V-ing”

Form	Structure	Example
Affirmative (مثبت)	S + Shall/Will + Be + V-ing + Complement	I shall be watching TV.
Interrogative (سوالی)	Shall/Will + S + Be + V-ing + Complement?	Shall I be watching TV?
Negative (منفی)	S + Shall/Will + Not + Be + V-ing + Complement	I shall not be watching TV.
Negative Interrogative (سوال منفی)	Shall/Will + S + Not + Be + V-ing + Complement?	Shall I not be watching TV?

Structure 2: Using “going to be + V-ing”

Form	Structure	Example
Affirmative (مثبت)	S + To be (am/is/are) + Going to be + V-ing + Complement	They are going to be playing football.
Interrogative (سوالی)	To be + S + Going to be + V-ing + Complement?	Are they going to be playing football?
Negative (منفی)	S + To be + Not + Going to be + V-ing + Complement	They are not going to be playing football.
Negative Interrogative (سوال منفی)	To be + S + Not + Going to be + V-ing + Complement?	Are they not going to be playing football?

2. Usage – موارد استعمال

Future Progressive Tense is used to express an action that will be in progress at a specific time in the future.

زمان آینده استمراری: برای بیان عملی استعمال می‌گردد که در آینده در یک زمان معین در حال انجام باشد.

English Usage	Example Sentence	Dari/Farsi Translation
To describe an action that will be ongoing in the future	She will be studying at 10 o’clock.	او در ساعت ده مصروف مطالعه خواهد بود.
To talk about future plans in progress	We shall be traveling to Kabul next week.	ما هفته آینده در حال سفر به کابل خواهیم بود.
With a time expression to show the action’s duration	He is going to be working all day tomorrow.	او تمام روز فردا مصروف کار خواهد بود.
Asking about someone’s future activity at a specific time	What will you be doing at this time tomorrow?	در این وقت فردا چه کار خواهی کرد؟
	Are you going to be using the computer tonight?	آیا امشب در حال استفاده از کمپیوتر خواهی بود؟

Common Time Expressions Used:

At this time tomorrow
Next week/month/year
Tonight at 7 o’clock
The whole day next Friday
In a few hours

Quick Summary Table

Structure	Meaning	Example
Will/Shall + be + V-ing	Future action in progress	I will be writing a blog tomorrow.
To be + going to + be + V-ing	Planned future action in progress	She is going to be practicing at 5:00 PM.

No.	Verb / Phrase	English Meaning	Persian Meaning (معنی فارسی)	Example Sentence	Your Example
1	Raise (one’s hand)	To lift your hand to answer or ask a question.	دست بلند کردن	The student raised his hand to answer the question.	—
2	Touch	To make physical contact with something.	لمس کردن	Don’t touch the whiteboard during the lesson.	—
3	Erase	To remove writing or marks.	پاک کردن	She erased the mistake with an eraser.	—
4	Read	To look at and understand written words.	خواندن	He read the sentence out loud.	—
5	Close	To shut something, like a door or book.	بستن	Please close your books after reading.	—
6	Listen	To pay attention to sound or speech.	گوش دادن	The students listened carefully to the teacher.	—
7	Write	To form letters or words on paper.	نوشتن	She wrote her name on the worksheet.	—
8	Walk	To move on foot from one place to another.	راه رفتن	The students walked quietly to the library.	—
9	Tear	To pull apart or rip paper or cloth.	پاره کردن	He accidentally tore the notebook page.	—
10	Type	To press keys on a keyboard.	تایپ کردن	She typed the essay on her computer.	—
11	Draw	To make a picture using a pencil or pen.	کشیدن (نقاشی)	The teacher asked them to draw a map.	—
12	Tie	To fasten or make a knot.	گره زدن	He tied his shoelaces before class.	—
13	Leave	To go away or exit a place.	ترک کردن	The students leave school at 3 o’clock.	—
14	Enter	To go into a place.	وارد شدن	She entered the classroom quietly.	—

✅ Section 1: Fill in the Blanks – Choose the Correct Future Continuous Form

(Use “will be + verb-ing”)

She __________ (travel) to Delhi next weekend.
At this time tomorrow, I __________ (give) a presentation.
We __________ (not/play) cricket at 6 PM.
__________ they __________ (study) for the test tonight?
He __________ (not/watch) the movie when you arrive.
What __________ you __________ (do) at 9 in the morning?
My friends __________ (come) to visit us in the evening.
They __________ (not/work) on the project tomorrow morning.
I __________ (attend) the seminar next week.
While she’s in class, I __________ (wait) for her outside.

✅ Section 2: Sentence Correction & Creation

(Correct the mistakes and form proper Future Continuous sentences)

He will working on his homework.
Will be they coming with us?
I will not be goes to the market.
Make a negative sentence: They will be driving to the airport.
Create a sentence: You / read / a book / at 5 PM.
Correct this: She will be not attending the meeting.
Make a WH-question: What / you / do / at this time next week?
Create a future continuous sentence using “while.”
Write a sentence: He / not / work / when I call.
Correct this: Will she be comes early?

✅ Section 3: Choose the Best Usage – Identify the Correct Sentence

(Only one sentence is correct in each group — others include common errors)

A. I will be studying for the exam tomorrow.
B. I will studying for the exam tomorrow.
C. I will be study for the exam tomorrow.
D. I be studying for the exam tomorrow.

A. He will works when we arrive.
B. He will be working when we arrive.
C. He working will be when we arrive.
D. Will be he working when we arrive?

A. She won’t be coming to the party.
B. She will not coming to the party.
C. She not be coming to the party.
D. She will be not coming to the party.

A. Will they be travelling next week?
B. Will be they travelling next week?
C. They will travelling next week?
D. Will they travelling be next week?

A. We be staying at a hotel in Paris.
B. We will be staying at a hotel in Paris.
C. We will staying at a hotel in Paris.
D. We will be stay at a hotel in Paris.

A. Will not she be attending the function?
B. Will she not be attending the function?
C. Will she be not attending the function?
D. She will not be attending the function?

A. What will you be doing tomorrow evening?
B. What you will be doing tomorrow evening?
C. What will be you doing tomorrow evening?
D. What doing will you be tomorrow evening?

A. At 10 AM, they will be take their exam.
B. At 10 AM, they will taking their exam.
C. At 10 AM, they will be taking their exam.
D. At 10 AM, they will takes their exam.

A. My mother will not be cook lunch at noon.
B. My mother will not be cooking lunch at noon.
C. My mother will not cooking lunch at noon.
D. My mother will cooking not lunch at noon.

A. While you’re studying, I will be sleeps.
B. While you’re studying, I will be sleep.
C. While you’re studying, I will sleeping.
D. While you’re studying, I will be sleeping.

📝 Homework

Task Type	Homework
practice	complete the practice setion and copy the practice in your notebooks.
Speaking	Topic of speaking, conversation, group discustion , etc will be share form teacher side on class.
Vocabulary	copy the vocabulary words in your notebooks and add 2 examples for each words.
Grammar	Practice and memorize the grammar since you have to answer the teachers questions on class next class.

Day 22

“It is not knowledge, but the act of learning, not possession but the act of getting there, which grants the greatest enjoyment.” — Carl Friedrich Gauss

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence	Your Example
401	Martyr	A person who dies for a cause; to kill for a cause	شهید شدن، شهید کردن	He became a martyr defending his homeland.
402	Martyrdom	The death or suffering of a martyr	شهادت	Her martyrdom inspired thousands.
403	Major	Greater in size or importance	کثیر، بالغ	Pollution is a major problem in big cities.
404	Miracle	An extraordinary and unexplainable event	معجزه	It was a miracle he survived the crash.
405	Mislead	To guide someone in the wrong direction	گمراه کردن	The ad misled customers with false information.
406	Notation	A system of marks or symbols to represent information	یادداشت	Musical notation helps musicians read music.
407	Neglect	To fail to take care of something or someone	غفلت کردن	Don’t neglect your responsibilities.
408	Neglectful	Not giving proper attention	غافل، بی‌پروا	He was neglectful in taking care of his health.
409	Nation	A large group of people united by history or culture	ملت	Afghanistan is a proud and ancient nation.
410	National	Related to a country	ملی	It was a day of national celebration.
411	Nationalism	Strong support for one’s nation	ملت‌پرستی	His speech was full of nationalism.
412	Peace	A state of calm and absence of conflict	صلح	Everyone hopes for world peace.
413	Peaceful	Calm, quiet, or free from violence	صلح‌آمیز	It was a peaceful protest.
414	Proclamation	An official public statement or announcement	اعلان، اعلامیه	The king issued a proclamation of freedom.
415	Prevent	To stop something from happening	جلوگیری کردن	Vaccines help prevent diseases.
416	Nationalist	A person who strongly supports their nation	ملت‌پرست	He is known as a strong nationalist.
417	Nature	The physical world and its features	طبیعت	Nature is full of beauty and wonder.
418	Natural	Existing in or caused by nature	طبیعی	She prefers natural beauty products.
419	Navy	The military forces that operate at sea	نیروی دریایی	He joined the navy at the age of 20.
420	Negotiate	To discuss in order to reach an agreement	مذاکره کردن	They negotiated a peace deal successfully.

Present Perfect Tense

1. Structures of Present Perfect Tense

Form	Structure	Example
Affirmative (مثبت)	S + Have/Has + V³ + Complement	I have visited Paris.
Interrogative (سوالی)	Have/Has + S + V³ + Complement?	Have I visited Paris?
Negative (منفی)	S + Have/Has + Not + V³ + Complement	I have not visited Paris.
Negative Interrogative (سوال منفی)	Have/Has + S + Not + V³ + Complement?	Have I not visited Paris?

Have is used with I, You, We, They
Has is used with He, She, It, singular names

2. Usages of Present Perfect Tense

Usage Type	Explanation	Example	Dari/Farsi Translation
1. Unspecified Past Action	Shows an action that happened at an unknown time in the past.	She has already finished the chores.	او قبلاً کارهای خانه را انجام داده است.
		Ahmad and Mahmood have not gone to school yet.	احمد و محمود تا هنوز به مکتب نرفته اند.
Common Adverbs: already, yet, before, recently, several times, ever, never…
2. Action Started in the Past, May Continue	Used with since and for to show something that began in the past and may still be ongoing.	I have studied English for six months.	من برای شش ماه انگلیسی خوانده‌ام.
		The Ahmady Family has lived in Kabul since 1984.	فامیل احمدی از سال 1984 در کابل زندگی کرده‌اند.
Use “for” = for a period of time (2 days, six months)
Use “since” = from a specific point in time (1984, last Monday)
3. Immediate Past with “Just”	Used with just to show something happened a moment ago.	They have just come home.	آن‌ها همین حالا به خانه آمده‌اند.
		We have just started the lesson.	ما همین حالا درس را شروع کرده‌ایم.

3. Quick Reference Table

Subject	Auxiliary	Example Sentence
I	have	I have finished my homework.
He/She/It	has	She has traveled to India.
We/They/You	have	They have already eaten dinner.

4. More Examples with Adverbs

Sentence	Translation (Dari/Farsi)
Have you ever been to Turkey?	آیا تا حال به ترکیه رفته‌ای؟
He has never met her before.	او هرگز با او قبلاً ملاقات نکرده است.
We have recently bought a new car.	ما اخیراً یک موتر جدید خریده‌ایم.
She has already written the email.	او قبلاً ایمیل را نوشته است.
I haven’t seen that movie yet.	من تا هنوز آن فلم را ندیده‌ام.

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence	Your Example
1	Switchboard operator	A person who connects phone calls in an office.	اپراتور تلفن	The switchboard operator answered all calls.	—
2	Headset	Headphones with a microphone.	هدفون و میکروفن	She used a headset for video calls.	—
3	Switchboard	A panel used to connect telephone lines.	مرکز تلفن	He manages the calls through the switchboard.	—
4	Printer	A machine that prints text or images on paper.	چاپگر	The report was printed on the office printer.	—
5	Cubicle	A small workspace divided by walls.	اتاقک کاری	Each employee has a cubicle in the office.	—
6	Typist	A person who types documents.	تایپیست	The typist prepared the letters quickly.	—
7	Word processor	A computer program for typing and editing text.	نرم‌افزار واژه‌پرداز	They use a word processor for office work.	—
8	Printout	A paper copy produced by a printer.	نسخه چاپی	She handed the printout to the manager.	—
9	Calendar	A chart showing days, weeks, and months.	تقویم	He checked the calendar for meeting dates.	—
10	Typewriter	A machine for writing by pressing keys.	ماشین تحریر	Old offices used typewriters before computers.	—
11	Secretary	A person who assists with office tasks.	منشی	The secretary arranged the manager’s schedule.	—
12	In-box	A tray for incoming papers or mail.	سینی ورودی	The letters are in your in-box.	—
13	Desk	A table for working.	میز کار	Her desk is near the window.	—
14	Rolodex	A rotating file for contact information.	فایل کارت تماس	He found the number in his Rolodex.	—
15	Telephone	A device for calling and talking to people.	تلفن	The telephone rang during the meeting.	—
16	Computer	An electronic device for work and communication.	کامپیوتر	All reports are saved on the office computer.	—
17	Typing chair	A chair designed for desk work.	صندلی تایپ	He sat on a typing chair while working.	—
18	Manager	A person who supervises work or employees.	مدیر	The manager approved the project plan.	—
19	Calculator	A small machine for math calculations.	ماشین حساب	He used a calculator to check the totals.	—
20	Bookcase	A piece of furniture for books.	قفسه کتاب	The bookcase holds company files.	—
21	File cabinet	A cabinet for storing folders and papers.	فایل بایگانی	The reports are in the file cabinet.	—
22	File folder	A paper or plastic folder for documents.	پوشه مدارک	She placed the forms in a file folder.	—
23	File clerk	A person who organizes office files.	مسئول بایگانی	The file clerk arranged all the documents.	—
24	Photocopies	Paper copies made by a copier.	کپی	He made five photocopies of the report.	—
25	Message pad	A notepad for writing telephone messages.	دفتر یادداشت پیام‌ها	She took notes on the message pad.	—
26	(Legal) pad	A pad of lined paper used for writing notes.	دفتر یادداشت رسمی	He wrote meeting notes on a legal pad.	—
27	Stapler	A tool for attaching papers with staples.	منگنه	She stapled the pages together.	—
28	Paper clips	Small metal loops for holding papers.	گیره کاغذ	He used paper clips to organize the documents.	—
29	Staple remover	A tool for removing staples.	جداکننده منگنه	She used a staple remover to detach the papers.	—
30	Pencil sharpener	A device that sharpens pencils.	تراش	There’s a pencil sharpener on the desk.	—
31	Envelope	A paper cover used to mail letters.	پاکت نامه	He sealed the letter in an envelope.	—

Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle)

🧠 Use: To talk about experiences, achievements, or actions that happened at an unknown time before now or that still have an effect on the present.

🎤 Practice Question:
🗣️ What have you done today?
💬 Example Answer: I have finished my online class and read a book about design.

💬 More Speaking Questions:

Have you ever traveled to another country?
What new skills have you learned this year?
How long have you lived in your city?
Have you ever met a famous person?
What books have you read recently?
How many online courses have you completed so far?
Have you ever tried a new hobby this month?
What changes have you seen in your lifestyle this year?
Have you ever cooked something for your friends?
What goals have you achieved this year?

✅ 🎯 Zailearn Speaking Tip:

Always answer in full sentences — don’t stop at “Yes” or “No.”
Add details, feelings, or reasons to make your answers more natural.

Homework

Task Type	Homework
practice	complete the practice setion and copy the practice in your notebooks.
Speaking	Topic of speaking, conversation, group discustion , etc will be share form teacher side on class.
Vocabulary	copy the vocabulary words in your notebooks and add 2 examples for each words.
Grammar	Practice and memorize the grammar since you have to answer the teachers questions on class next class.

Day 23

“It is not knowledge, but the act of learning, not possession but the act of getting there, which grants the greatest enjoyment.” — Carl Friedrich Gauss

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence	Your Example
421	Negotiation	Discussion aimed at reaching an agreement	مذاکره	The negotiation between the two countries went smoothly.
422	Negotiation table	The place where negotiations are held	میز مذاکره	Both parties met at the negotiation table to resolve the conflict.
423	Noble	Honorable or high in character	نجیب، شریف	He was a noble man who helped the poor.
424	Nobility	Quality of being noble; aristocracy	نجابت	Her nobility was reflected in her actions.
425	Nearly	Almost, not quite	تقریباً	The work is nearly finished.
426	Occupy	To take or control a space or position	اشغال کردن	The army occupied the city for weeks.
427	Observe	To watch carefully; to follow (a rule)	نظارت کردن	We must observe traffic laws at all times.
428	Offer	To present or suggest something	تقدیم کردن، پیشنهاد کردن	He offered to help carry my bag.
429	Official	Relating to authority or government	رسمی	This is the official version of the report.
430	Omit	To leave out or exclude	حذف کردن	Don’t omit important details from your essay.
431	Oppress	To treat harshly or unfairly	ظلم کردن	The regime oppressed the people for years.
432	Oppressor	A person who treats others harshly	ظالم	The oppressors were brought to justice.
433	Oppressive	Unjustly harsh or tyrannical	ظالمانه	They lived under an oppressive regime.
434	Oppressed	Treated unjustly or cruelly	مظلوم	The oppressed finally rose against their rulers.
435	Organize	To arrange or set up systematically	سازماندهی کردن، ترتیب دادن	We need to organize the event carefully.
436	Organization	A group with a specific purpose or structure	سازمان، مؤسسه	The organization supports children in need.
437	Opposition	Resistance or disagreement	مخالفت، ضدیت	The opposition party criticized the new law.
438	Obscure	Not clear; difficult to understand	مغلق، پیچیده	His explanation was too obscure to follow.
439	Obsolete	No longer in use; outdated	کهنه، از کار افتاده	That computer model is now obsolete.
440	Nearly	(Repeated) Almost, not quite	تقریباً	It’s nearly time for lunch.

Past Perfect Tense

1. Structures – ساختمان

Form	Structure	Example
Affirmative (مثبت)	S + Had + V3 + Complement	I had fixed the picture on the wall.
Interrogative (سوالی)	Had + S + V3 + Complement?	Had I fixed the picture on the wall?
Negative (منفی)	S + Had + Not + V3 + Complement	I had not fixed the picture on the wall.
Negative Interrogative (سوال منفی)	Had + S + Not + V3 + Complement?	Had I not fixed the picture on the wall?

2. Usage – موارد استعمال

The Past Perfect Tense is used to show:

An action that started and was completed before another past action.
An action that had just finished before a specific point in the past.

زمان گذشته کامل: عملی را نشان می‌دهد که قبل از یک عمل دیگر در گذشته شروع و پایان یافته باشد.
همچنین عملی را بیان می‌کند که پیش از یک زمان معین در گذشته به اتمام رسیده باشد.

Notes:

The past perfect is often used with “before”, “after”, or “when” to compare two actions in the past.
The action that occurred first takes the past perfect, and the second action takes simple past.

Examples:

English Sentence	Dari/Farsi Translation
She had cooked lunch before we arrived home.	او قبل از آمدن ما نان چاشت را پخته بود.
He had finished his homework before 8 o’clock.	او قبل از ساعت ۸ وظیفه‌اش را تمام کرده بود.
They had left the party when I reached there.	آنها زمانی که من رسیدم، مهمانی را ترک کرده بودند.
I had never seen such a beautiful place before.	من قبلاً چنین جای زیبایی ندیده بودم.
Ahmad had helped his mother before her death. (corrected)	احمد قبل از وفات مادرش، به او کمک کرده بود.

Common Time Expressions with Past Perfect:

Before
After
When
By the time
Already
Never
Just
Until that time

Quick Comparison:

Tense	Usage	Example
Simple Past	A completed action in the past.	I arrived home at 5 PM.
Past Perfect	An action completed before another past action.	I had arrived home before it started raining.

No.	Occupation	English Meaning	Persian Meaning (معنی فارسی)	Example Sentence	Your Example
1	Pharmacist	A person who prepares and sells medicines.	داروساز	The pharmacist gave me medicine for my cold.	—
2	Mechanic	A person who repairs cars or machines.	مکانیک	The mechanic fixed the car engine.	—
3	Barber	A person who cuts men’s hair.	آرایشگر مردانه	The barber gave him a nice haircut.	—
4	Travel agent	A person who arranges trips and travel plans.	آژانس مسافرتی	The travel agent booked our flight tickets.	—
5	Repairperson	Someone who fixes broken things.	تعمیرکار	The repairperson came to fix the washing machine.	—
6	Tailor	A person who makes or alters clothes.	خیاط	The tailor stitched a new suit for me.	—
7	Greengrocer	A person who sells fresh fruits and vegetables.	سبزی‌فروش	We bought apples from the greengrocer.	—
8	Baker	A person who makes and sells bread and cakes.	نانوا	The baker makes fresh bread every morning.	—
9	Optician	A person who checks eyesight and makes glasses.	عینک‌ساز	The optician tested my eyes for new glasses.	—
10	Hairdresser	A person who cuts or styles hair.	آرایشگر	The hairdresser colored her hair beautifully.	—
11	Florist	A person who sells flowers.	گل‌فروش	The florist arranged a beautiful bouquet.	—
12	Jeweller	A person who makes or sells jewelry.	جواهرفروش	The jeweller repaired my gold ring.	—
13	Butcher	A person who sells meat.	قصاب	The butcher cut the meat into small pieces.	—

Past Perfect Tense (had + past participle)

🧠 Use: To talk about an action that was completed before another past action or event.

🎤 Practice Question:
🗣️ What had you done before you went to bed last night?
💬 Example Answer: I had finished my project before I went to bed.

💬 More Speaking Questions:

What had you learned before joining this class?
Where had you lived before moving to your current home?
What had you eaten before you came to school or work?
Had you ever traveled abroad before you turned 18?
What had you done before your last birthday celebration?
Who had you met before you joined your current team?
What job had you done before you started your studies?
What had you planned before the holiday started?
How long had you studied English before you took a break?
What had you watched before you went out yesterday?

✅ 🎯 Zailearn Speaking Tip:

Always answer in full sentences — don’t stop at “Yes” or “No.”
Add details, feelings, or reasons to make your answers more natural.

Homework

Task Type	Homework
practice	complete the practice setion and copy the practice in your notebooks.
Speaking	Topic of speaking, conversation, group discustion , etc will be share form teacher side on class.
Vocabulary	copy the vocabulary words in your notebooks and add 2 examples for each words.
Grammar	Practice and memorize the grammar since you have to answer the teachers questions on class next class.

Day 24

“It is not knowledge, but the act of learning, not possession but the act of getting there, which grants the greatest enjoyment.” — Carl Friedrich Gauss

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence	Your Example
441	Occupy	To take up space or control something	اشغال کردن	The soldiers occupied the village for weeks.
442	Observe	To watch or monitor something carefully	نظارت کردن	We must observe the patient’s behavior closely.
443	Offer	To present or propose something	تقدیم کردن، پیشنهاد کردن	He offered to help with the cleaning.
444	Official	Approved or recognized by authority	رسمی	This is the official statement from the government.
445	Omit	To leave something out	حذف کردن	Please don’t omit any important detail from the report.
446	Oppress	To treat people unfairly or cruelly	ظلم کردن	The dictator oppressed the people for years.
447	Oppressor	A person who uses power cruelly	ظالم	The oppressors were finally overthrown.
448	Oppressive	Cruel, harsh, or unjustly controlling	ظالمانه	The heat was oppressive all week.
449	Oppressed	Treated unfairly and without freedom	مظلوم	The oppressed people demanded justice.
450	Produce	To make, create, or grow something	تولید کردن	This farm produces organic vegetables.
451	Product	Something made or manufactured	تولیدات	This product is made in Germany.
452	Palace	A grand house for a king or queen	قصر	The royal palace is open for visitors.
453	Project	A planned activity or assignment	پروژه	They launched a clean water project in the village.
454	Passenger	A person traveling in a vehicle without driving	مسافر	Each passenger must carry an ID.
455	Protest	To show disagreement, usually in public	اعتراض کردن	The workers protested against low wages.
456	Quiver	To tremble or shake slightly	لرزیدن، تکان خوردن	His lips quivered with fear.
457	Maladjustment	Difficulty in adapting to surroundings	ناسازگاری	Social maladjustment can affect mental health.
458	Addict	A person dependent on a substance or activity	معتاد	The addict was taken to a rehab center.
459	Foe	An enemy or opponent	دشمن، مخالف	He finally defeated his longtime foe.
460	Layer	A sheet or level covering something else	طبقه‌بندی کردن	Add another layer of paint for better results.

Future Perfect Tense

1. Structure – ساختمان

Form	Structure	Example
Affirmative (مثبت)	S + Will/Shall + Have + V3 + Complement	She will have prepared everything.
Interrogative (سوالی)	Will/Shall + S + Have + V3 + Complement?	Will she have prepared everything?
Negative (منفی)	S + Will/Shall + Not + Have + V3 + Complement	She will not have prepared everything.
Negative Interrogative (سوال منفی)	Will/Shall + S + Not + Have + V3 + Complement?	Will she not have prepared everything?

2. Usage – موارد استعمال

The Future Perfect Tense is used to show an action that will be completed:

Before a specific time in the future, or
Before another future action happens.

زمان آینده کامل: عملی را نشان می‌دهد که قبل از زمان مشخصی یا پیش از وقوع عمل دیگری در آینده، تکمیل شده خواهد بود.

Notes:

This tense is often used with time expressions like:
by, before, by the time, until, when.
The completed action uses Future Perfect, and the second (later) future event uses Simple Present.

Examples:

English Sentence	Dari/Farsi Translation
I shall have finished my work by 2:00 o’clock.	من تا ساعت ۲ وظیفه‌ام را تمام کرده خواهم بود.
They will have studied English by the time you come.	آنها تا وقتی که تو بیایی انگلیسی خوانده خواهند بود.
She will have written the report before the meeting starts.	او قبل از آغاز جلسه، گزارش را نوشته خواهد بود.
Will you have completed the form before 10 AM?	آیا تا ساعت ۱۰ قبل‌ازظهر فورم را تکمیل کرده خواهی بود؟
We shall not have reached there by sunset.	ما تا غروب آفتاب آنجا نرسیده خواهیم بود.

A. Repair and Maintenance (تعمیر و نگهداری)

No.	Occupation	English Meaning	Persian Meaning (معنی فارسی)	Example Sentence	Your Example
1	Plumber	A person who installs and repairs water pipes.	لوله‌کش	The plumber fixed the leaking sink.	—
2	Carpenter	A person who makes things from wood.	نجار	The carpenter built a new table.	—
3	Gardener	A person who takes care of plants and gardens.	باغبان	The gardener watered the flowers every day.	—
4	Locksmith	A person who makes and repairs locks.	قفل‌ساز	We called a locksmith to open the door.	—
5	Real estate agent	A person who helps people buy or sell houses.	مشاور املاک	The real estate agent showed us three apartments.	—
6	Electrician	A person who installs or repairs electrical systems.	برق‌کار	The electrician repaired the broken light.	—
7	Painter	A person who paints buildings or artwork.	نقاش	The painter colored the walls bright yellow.	—

B. Household Services (خدمات خانگی)

No.	Occupation	English Meaning	Persian Meaning (معنی فارسی)	Example Sentence	Your Example
8	Housekeeper	A person who cleans and manages a house.	خدمتکار	The housekeeper cleaned all the rooms.	—
9	Janitor	A person who cleans and maintains a building.	سرایدار	The janitor locked the school after classes.	—
10	Delivery boy	A person who delivers packages or food.	پیک تحویل	The delivery boy brought the pizza on time.	—
11	Doorman	A person who opens the door for guests.	دربان	The doorman greeted everyone at the hotel.	—

C. Factory Work (کارخانه‌ای)

No.	Occupation	English Meaning	Persian Meaning (معنی فارسی)	Example Sentence	Your Example
12	Shop worker	A person who works in a shop or factory.	کارگر فروشگاه/کارخانه	The shop worker arranged the products neatly.	—
13	Foreman	A person who supervises workers in a factory.	سرکارگر	The foreman checked the workers’ progress.	—

Future Perfect Tense (will have + past participle)

🧠 Use: To describe an action that will be completed before a specific time in the future.

🎤 Practice Question:
🗣️ What will you have done by the end of this year?
💬 Example Answer: I will have completed my English and design courses by the end of this year.

💬 More Speaking Questions:

What goals will you have achieved by next month?
What will you have learned by next summer?
Where will you have traveled by the time you turn 30?
How many books will you have read by the end of this year?
What projects will you have finished by next week?
How many new skills will you have gained by graduation?
What will you have completed before your next holiday?
Who will you have met by the time this course ends?
What changes will you have made in your daily routine by next year?
How long will you have lived in your city by 2030?

✅ 🎯 Zailearn Speaking Tip:

Always answer in full sentences — don’t stop at “Yes” or “No.”
Add details, feelings, or reasons to make your answers more natural.

📝 Homework

Task Type	Homework
practice	complete the practice setion and copy the practice in your notebooks.
Speaking	Topic of speaking, conversation, group discustion , etc will be share form teacher side on class.
Vocabulary	copy the vocabulary words in your notebooks and add 2 examples for each words.
Grammar	Practice and memorize the grammar since you have to answer the teachers questions on class next class.

Day 25

“It is not knowledge, but the act of learning, not possession but the act of getting there, which grants the greatest enjoyment.” — Carl Friedrich Gauss

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence	Your Example
461	Tolerable	Able to be endured or accepted	قابل تحمل	The pain was tolerable after taking the medicine.
462	Weep	To cry or shed tears	اشک ریختن	She began to weep during the sad movie.
463	Blasphemous	Disrespectful toward religion or sacred things	کفرآمیز، کفرگوینده	His blasphemous remarks angered many people.
464	Blasphemy	Speaking disrespectfully about sacred things	کفر، ناسزاگویی	Blasphemy is considered a serious offense in many religions.
465	Revive	To bring back to life or consciousness	به حالت عادی برگشتن	The doctors managed to revive the patient.
466	Lick	To pass the tongue over something	لیسیدن	The cat licked its paw clean.
467	Peasant	A poor farmer or rural laborer	دهاتی	The peasants worked hard in the fields.
468	Revolution	A sudden change in political power or organization	انقلاب	The revolution brought major changes to the country.
469	Nourishing	Providing the substances needed for health	مقوی	Milk is a nourishing drink for children.
470	Deny	To say something is not true	انکار کردن	He denied stealing the money.
471	Tolerance	Willingness to accept others’ views or behaviors	تحمل	Tolerance is important in a multicultural society.
472	Confirm	To verify or establish the truth	تصدیق کردن	I called to confirm my appointment.
473	Violently	With great force or intensity	به شدت	The wind blew violently through the trees.
474	Wage	Payment for work or services	دستمزد	The workers demanded higher wages.
475	Interrelationship	A connection or mutual relationship	خویشاوندی، رابطه متقابل	There is an interrelationship between health and happiness.
476	Interrogate	To ask questions formally or aggressively	تحقیق کردن	The police interrogated the suspect for hours.
477	To my regret	Unfortunately; expressing sadness or disappointment	با کمال تأسف	To my regret, I couldn’t attend the wedding.
478	At least	No less than; the minimum amount	حداقل	Try to drink at least eight glasses of water daily.
479	Abuse	To misuse something or speak badly	ناسزا گفتن، سوءاستفاده	He abused his power for personal gain.
480	Knead	To mix and press dough or clay with hands	خمیر کردن	She kneaded the dough for ten minutes.

Present Perfect Progressive Tense

1. Structure – ساختمان

Form	Structure	Example
Affirmative (مثبت)	S + Have/Has + Been + V-ing + Complement	She has been cooking lunch.
Interrogative (سوالی)	Have/Has + S + Been + V-ing + Complement?	Has she been cooking lunch?
Negative (منفی)	S + Have/Has + Not + Been + V-ing + Complement	She has not been cooking lunch.
Negative Interrogative (سوال منفی)	Have/Has + S + Not + Been + V-ing + Complement?	Has she not been cooking lunch?

2. Usage – موارد استعمال

1. To express a continuous action

Used to show an action that started in the past, continues in the present, and may still be ongoing.

زمان حال کامل جاری: برای بیان عملی به‌کار می‌رود که در گذشته آغاز شده، تا حال ادامه یافته و هنوز هم ادامه دارد.

Common time expressions: since, for

Example	Translation
Ahmad has been filling the application form since 1:00 PM.	احمد از ساعت ۱ بعد از ظهر در حال پر کردن فورم بوده است.
We have been playing chess since noon.	ما از ظهر به این طرف شطرنج بازی می‌کرده‌ایم.
She has been working here for three years.	او برای سه سال است که در اینجا کار می‌کند.

2. To explain a recent situation with visible results

Used for recently finished actions that have present evidence or results—especially when the focus is on the duration or continuity.

زمان حال کامل جاری همچنین برای عملی به‌کار می‌رود که اخیراً تمام شده ولی نتیجه یا تاثیر آن هنوز باقی است.

Example	Translation
Why are your clothes so wet? I have been watering the garden.	چرا لباست تر است؟ من در حال آب دادن باغچه بوده‌ام.
He looks tired. He has been running for an hour.	او خسته به نظر می‌رسد. او برای یک ساعت در حال دویدن بوده است.

Common Time Expressions

Since + a point in time (since morning, since 2:00 PM, since Monday)
For + a period of time (for two hours, for days, for a long time)
Lately, recently, all day, the whole week

Quick Comparison:

Tense	Example	Usage
Present Perfect	I have done my homework.	Completed action with present relevance.
Present Perfect Progressive	I have been doing my homework for an hour.	Ongoing action from past till now (maybe ongoing).

A. Media and Arts (رسانه و هنر)

No.	Occupation	English Meaning	Persian Meaning (معنی فارسی)	Example Sentence	Your Example
1	Weather forecaster	A person who predicts the weather.	پیش‌بین هوا	The weather forecaster said it will rain tomorrow.	—
2	Newscaster	A person who presents news on TV or radio.	گوینده خبر	The newscaster read the evening news clearly.	—
3	Artist	A person who creates art.	هنرمند	The artist painted a beautiful portrait.	—
4	Photographer	A person who takes photographs.	عکاس	The photographer captured amazing sunset shots.	—
5	Model	A person who poses for photos or fashion shows.	مدل	The model wore the designer’s new dress.	—
6	Fashion designer	A person who creates clothing designs.	طراح مد	The fashion designer presented her latest collection.	—
7	Writer	A person who writes books or articles.	نویسنده	The writer published a novel last month.	—
8	Architect	A person who designs buildings.	معمار	The architect designed a modern library.	—
9	Disc jockey (DJ)	A person who plays music at events.	دی‌جی	The DJ played music at the party all night.	—
10	Cameraperson	A person who operates a video camera.	فیلم‌بردار	The cameraperson recorded the live event.	—
11	Reporter	A person who gathers and reports news.	خبرنگار	The reporter interviewed the local mayor.	—
12	Salesperson	A person who sells products to customers.	فروشنده	The salesperson helped me choose a new laptop.	—

B. Banking (بانکداری)

No.	Occupation	English Meaning	Persian Meaning (معنی فارسی)	Example Sentence	Your Example
13	Officer	A person who works in a position of authority in a bank or company.	کارمند ارشد / مأمور	The bank officer approved the loan.	—
14	Security guard	A person who protects people or property.	نگهبان	The security guard stood at the main gate.	—
15	Teller	A person who handles money transactions at a bank.	صندوقدار بانک	The teller counted the cash quickly.	—

C. Business Workers (کارمندان اداری)

No.	Occupation	English Meaning	Persian Meaning (معنی فارسی)	Example Sentence	Your Example
16	Computer programmer	A person who writes computer software.	برنامه‌نویس	The programmer fixed the app bug.	—
17	Receptionist	A person who answers calls and greets visitors.	منشی پذیرش	The receptionist welcomed all the guests.	—
18	Accountant	A person who manages money and financial records.	حسابدار	The accountant prepared the annual report.	—
19	Messenger	A person who delivers messages or documents.	پیک / رساننده	The messenger brought an urgent letter.	—

Present Perfect Progressive Tense

🧠 Use: Talk about actions that started in the past and are still happening now.
Structure: have/has been + verb-ing

🎤 Practice Question:
🗣️ What have you been doing recently?
💬 Example Answer: I’ve been learning digital marketing for the past three months.

🗣️ More speaking prompts:

How long have you been studying English?
What hobbies have you been enjoying lately?
What projects have you been working on?

📝 Homework

Task Type	Homework
practice	complete the practice setion and copy the practice in your notebooks.
Speaking	Topic of speaking, conversation, group discustion , etc will be share form teacher side on class.
Vocabulary	copy the vocabulary words in your notebooks and add 2 examples for each words.
Grammar	Practice and memorize the grammar since you have to answer the teachers questions on class next class.

Day 26

“Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever.” — Mahatma Gandhi

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence
481	Yeast	A substance used to make bread rise	خمیرترش	Yeast is used to make the dough rise.
482	Dough	A mixture of flour and water used for baking	خمیر	The baker kneaded the dough carefully.
483	Merrily	In a happy or cheerful way	از روی خوشی	The children sang merrily around the fire.
484	Make hands meet	To earn enough money to live	امرار معاش کردن	He works two jobs to make ends meet.
485	Urge	To strongly advise or encourage	توصیه کردن	I urge you to study regularly.
486	Decorate	To make something more beautiful	تزئین کردن	They decorated the hall for the wedding.
487	Elegant	Stylish and graceful in appearance	با سلیقه	She looked elegant in her new dress.
488	Back-breaking	Very hard or tiring (physical work)	کمرشکن	Farming can be back-breaking work.
489	Tormentor	A person who causes great pain or suffering	زجر دهنده، عذاب دهنده	The prisoner was afraid of his tormentor.
490	Civil service	Governmental administrative departments	خدمات اجتماعی	He works in the civil service sector.
491	Recover	To return to a normal state of health or strength	به خود آمدن، بهبود یافتن	She recovered quickly after her illness.
492	Vision	The ability to think about the future or see clearly	طرز فکر، بینش، دید	His vision for the company’s future is inspiring.
493	Reverse	To move backward or change to the opposite direction	معکوس، معکوس کردن	The driver reversed the car out of the garage.
494	Bend	To curve or cause to curve	کج شدن	Be careful not to bend the metal rod.
495	Exaggerate	To make something seem larger or more important than it is	بزرگ جلوه دادن، مبالغه کردن	Don’t exaggerate the problem; it’s not that bad.
496	Artificial	Made by humans, not natural	ساختگی، مصنوعی	These flowers are artificial, not real.
497	Summon	To officially call someone to appear	احضاریه دادگاه	He was summoned to appear in court.
498	Will	A legal document expressing wishes after death	وصیت‌نامه، وصیت کردن	He wrote a will before traveling abroad.
499	Scholar	A person who studies and has deep knowledge	دانشمند	The scholar presented his research at the conference.
500	Fancy	To imagine or have a desire for something	خیال، تصور کردن	I fancy a cup of coffee right now.

Past Perfect Progressive Tense

1. Structure – ساختمان

Form	Structure	Example
Affirmative (مثبت)	S + Had + Been + V-ing + Complement	The people had been celebrating Eid.
Interrogative (سوالی)	Had + S + Been + V-ing + Complement?	Had the people been celebrating Eid?
Negative (منفی)	S + Had + Not + Been + V-ing + Complement	The people had not been celebrating Eid.
Negative Interrogative (سوال منفی)	Had + S + Not + Been + V-ing + Complement?	Had the people not been celebrating Eid?

2. Usage – موارد استعمال

To show the duration of an action in the past

Used to describe an action that was ongoing for a period of time before another action happened in the past.

زمان گذشته کامل استمراری دلالت به جریان عملی می‌کند که قبل از کار دیگری در زمان گذشته در حال انجام بوده است.

Common time expressions:

Before, when, until, by the time
For, since, all day, all night, etc.

Example	Translation
They had been living in Kabul before they came to Mazar.	آنها قبل از آمدن به مزار، در کابل زندگی می‌کردند.
She had been studying for three hours before the electricity went out.	او برای سه ساعت درس می‌خواند تا اینکه برق قطع شد.
Had you been working here before the war started?	آیا قبل از شروع جنگ در اینجا کار می‌کردید؟

Tip:

The focus of this tense is on how long an action had been happening before something else happened in the past.

Comparison Table (with Past Perfect)

Tense	Example	Focus
Past Perfect	I had finished dinner before she came.	Completion before another past action
Past Perfect Progressive	I had been eating dinner before she came.	Duration of action before another past action

🚌 A. BUS (اتوبوس)

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning (معنی فارسی)	Example Sentence	Your Example
1	Cord	A string or wire used to signal the driver to stop the bus.	طناب توقف اتوبوس	She pulled the cord to stop the bus at the next station.	—
2	Seat	A place where you sit on the bus.	صندلی	All the seats were full during rush hour.	—
3	Bus driver	The person who drives the bus.	راننده اتوبوس	The bus driver greeted passengers politely.	—
4	Transfer	A ticket that allows you to continue your trip on another bus.	بلیت انتقال	He asked the driver for a transfer to another route.	—
5	Fare box	A box where passengers pay the bus fare.	جعبه کرایه	Put your coins in the fare box when you enter the bus.	—
6	Rider	A person who rides a bus or other public transport.	مسافر	The rider waited patiently at the bus stop.	—

🚇 B. SUBWAY (مترو)

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning (معنی فارسی)	Example Sentence	Your Example
7	Conductor	A person who checks tickets and assists passengers.	مسئول قطار / بلیت‌چی	The conductor checked everyone’s tickets.	—
8	Strap	A hanging loop passengers hold onto while standing.	دسته آویزان مترو	She held the strap tightly during the ride.	—
9	Car	Each separate section of a subway or train.	واگن	The subway train has ten cars.	—
10	Track	The rails on which the subway or train moves.	ریل	Workers repaired the track last night.	—
11	Platform	The area where passengers wait to board the train.	سکو	The train stopped at platform number 2.	—
12	Turnstile	A gate that controls entry by turning bars.	گیت ورود چرخان	She inserted her token and walked through the turnstile.	—
13	Token booth	A small booth where passengers buy subway tokens or tickets.	غرفه فروش بلیت مترو	He bought two tokens from the token booth.	—

🚆 C. TRAIN (قطار)

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning (معنی فارسی)	Example Sentence	Your Example
14	Commuter train	A train used by people traveling daily to work or school.	قطار شهری / رفت‌وبرگشتی	The commuter train leaves every 15 minutes.	—
15	Engineer	The person who drives the train.	راننده قطار	The engineer sounded the horn before leaving the station.	—
16	Ticket	A paper or card that allows you to travel.	بلیت	I bought a train ticket to Delhi.	—
17	Commuter	A person who travels regularly between home and work.	مسافر روزانه	Many commuters travel early in the morning.	—
18	Station	The place where trains stop for passengers.	ایستگاه	The train arrived at the main station on time.	—
19	Ticket window	The counter where tickets are sold.	باجه فروش بلیت	She waited at the ticket window to buy her ticket.	—
20	Timetable	A schedule showing arrival and departure times.	جدول زمانی	Check the timetable before planning your trip.	—

🚖 D. TAXI (تاکسی)

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning (معنی فارسی)	Example Sentence	Your Example
21	Fare	The amount of money paid for a taxi ride.	کرایه	The fare from the airport to downtown was $15.	—
22	Tip	Extra money given for good service.	انعام	He gave the driver a small tip.	—
23	Meter	A device that measures the fare amount.	تاکسیمتر	The driver started the meter when the ride began.	—
24	Receipt	A paper that shows payment.	رسید	She asked for a receipt after paying the fare.	—
25	Passenger	A person who travels in a vehicle.	مسافر	The passenger sat quietly in the back seat.	—
26	Cab driver	A person who drives a taxi.	راننده تاکسی	The cab driver knew the shortest route.	—
27	Taxicab	Another word for taxi.	تاکسی	He hailed a taxicab outside the hotel.	—
28	Taxi stand	A place where taxis wait for passengers.	ایستگاه تاکسی	We found a taxi stand near the market.	—

🚡 E. OTHER FORMS OF TRANSPORTATION (دیگر وسایل حمل‌ونقل)

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning (معنی فارسی)	Example Sentence	Your Example
29	Monorail	A single-rail train that runs above the ground.	قطار تک‌ریل	The monorail connects the airport to the city center.	—
30	Streetcar	A vehicle that runs on rails in the street.	تراموا	The streetcar runs through the downtown area.	—
31	Aerial tramway	A cabin that moves on cables through the air.	تله‌کابین	We took the aerial tramway up the mountain.	—
32	Cable car	A small car pulled by cables on steep hills.	تراموای کابلی	The cable car offers a great view of the city.	—
33	Horse-drawn carriage	A carriage pulled by horses.	کالسکه اسب‌کش	Tourists enjoyed a ride in a horse-drawn carriage.	—

Past Perfect Progressive Tense

🧠 Use: Talk about something that was happening before another past event.
Structure: had been + verb-ing

🎤 Practice Question:
🗣️ What had you been doing before you joined this class?
💬 Example Answer: I had been working at a small design studio before I started studying online.

🗣️ More speaking prompts:

How long had you been living in your previous house before you moved?
What had you been planning before your last vacation?
What job had you been doing before you changed your career?

📝 Homework

Task Type	Homework
practice	complete the practice setion and copy the practice in your notebooks.
Speaking	Topic of speaking, conversation, group discustion , etc will be share form teacher side on class.
Vocabulary	copy the vocabulary words in your notebooks and add 2 examples for each words.
Grammar	Practice and memorize the grammar since you have to answer the teachers questions on class next class.

Day 27

“The beautiful thing about learning is that no one can take it away from you.” — B.B. King

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence
501	Fanciful	Imaginative or unrealistic	خیالی، تصوری	The story is too fanciful to be true.
502	Regime	A system or form of government	رژیم، روش حکومت	The new regime promised economic reforms.
503	Red Cross	An international humanitarian organization	صلیب سرخ	The Red Cross helps people during natural disasters.
504	Sensibility	The ability to appreciate and respond to emotions	حساسیت	Her artistic sensibility makes her paintings beautiful.
505	Salvation	The act of being saved or protected from harm	نجات، رهایی	Prayer brought him a sense of salvation.
506	Satanic	Evil or related to the devil	شیطانی	The movie was criticized for its satanic themes.
507	Sensationalism	The use of exciting or shocking stories to attract attention	پیروی از مسائل شورانگیز	The media was accused of sensationalism in its coverage.
508	Sensitive	Easily affected by emotions or external factors	حساس	She has very sensitive skin.
509	Recall	To remember or bring back to mind	به‌خاطر آوردن	I can’t recall his name at the moment.
510	Favoritism	Unfair preference shown to one person over others	طرفداری	The teacher was accused of favoritism toward certain students.
511	Haggle	To bargain persistently over the cost of something	چانه زدن، اصرار کردن	They haggled over the price for almost an hour.
512	No end of	A large or endless amount of something	بی‌حد	We had no end of fun during our trip.
513	Unnatural	Not normal or contrary to nature	غیرطبیعی	His behavior seemed very unnatural today.
514	Hex	A spell or charm, especially one that brings bad luck	جادوگر، جادو کردن	The witch cast a hex on the village.
515	Proclaim	To announce or declare officially	اعلان کردن	The president proclaimed a new national holiday.
516	Innumerable	Too many to be counted	بیشمار	There are innumerable stars in the sky.
517	Pickpocket	A thief who steals from people’s pockets	کیسه‌بر	The pickpocket was caught by the police.
518	Document	A written or printed record that gives information	سند	Please submit all the required documents with your application.
519	Sigh	To let out a deep breath showing sadness or relief	آه کشیدن، افسوس کردن	She sighed with relief after hearing the good news.
520	Misfortune	Bad luck or an unfortunate event	بدبختی، بیچارگی	He faced great misfortune after losing his job.

Future Perfect Progressive Tense

1. Structures – ساختمان

Form	Structure	Example
Affirmative (مثبت)	S + Will/Shall + Have + Been + V‑ing + Complement	I will have been watching the TV.
Interrogative (سوالی)	Will/Shall + S + Have + Been + V‑ing + Complement?	Will I have been watching the TV?
Negative (منفی)	S + Will/Shall + Not + Have + Been + V‑ing + Complement	I will not have been watching the TV.
Negative Interrogative (سوال منفی)	Will/Shall + S + Not + Have + Been + V‑ing + Complement?	Will I not have been watching the TV?

2. Usage – موارد استعمال

Usage Type	Explanation	Example	Dari/Farsi Translation
Duration before a future time/action	Shows how long an action will be in progress up to a specific future point or before another future action.	They will have been painting the house by Friday.	آنها تا روز جمعه در حال نقاشی خانه خواهند بود.
Emphasis on continuity	Emphasizes the ongoing nature of a future action when comparing two future events or times.	By next year, she will have been teaching for ten years.	تا سال آینده، او ده سال است که تدریس خواهد کرد.

نکته: این زمان معمولاً با قیود زمان مانند by, before, by the time, for, since همراهی می‌شود.

Common Time Expressions

By (by Friday, by next month, by 2026)
Before (before you arrive, before the meeting)
By the time (by the time you get here)
For (for two hours, for a decade)
Since (since 2010, since this morning)

More Examples

English Sentence	Translation (Dari/Farsi)
They will have been painting the house by Friday.	آنها تا روز جمعه در حال نقاشی خانه خواهند بود.
By the end of this month, I will have been working here for five years.	تا پایان این ماه، پنج سال است که در اینجا کار می‌کنم.
Will you have been studying long before the exam starts?	آیا قبل از شروع امتحان مدت زیادی در حال مطالعه خواهید بود؟
She will not have been living here for very long by next summer.	او تا تابستان آینده مدت زیادی در اینجا زندگی نخواهد کرد.

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning (معنی فارسی)	Example Sentence
1	Library clerk	A person who works at the library and helps people borrow or return books.	کارمند کتابخانه	The library clerk helped me find a history book.
2	Checkout desk	The counter where you borrow or return library books.	پیشخوان امانت کتاب	I returned my books at the checkout desk.
3	Library card	A card that allows you to borrow books from the library.	کارت کتابخانه	You need a library card to borrow books.
4	Card catalog	A system that lists books by author, title, or subject.	فهرست کارت کتابخانه	The librarian checked the card catalog for the book title.
5	Drawer	A box-shaped container that slides in and out of furniture.	کشو	The card catalog drawers are full of book cards.
6	Call card	A card used to record or find book details in the library.	کارت شناسایی کتاب	The librarian filled out a call card for the book request.
7	Call number	The code used to locate a book on a library shelf.	شماره کتاب	Each book has a unique call number on its spine.
8	Author	The person who wrote a book or article.	نویسنده	J.K. Rowling is the author of the Harry Potter series.
9	Title	The name of a book, article, or story.	عنوان	The title of this book is “The Great Gatsby.”
10	Subject	The main idea or topic of a book.	موضوع	The subject of this novel is friendship and courage.
11	Row	A line of books or objects arranged side by side.	ردیف	The books are arranged neatly in rows on the shelf.
12	Call slip	A small paper used to request a book from storage.	برگه درخواست کتاب	Fill out a call slip to borrow the old records.
13	Microfilm	Film that stores documents or newspapers in mini size.	میکروفیلم	The newspaper archives are saved on microfilm.
14	Microfilm reader	A device to view information stored on microfilm.	دستگاه خواندن میکروفیلم	I used a microfilm reader to see old newspapers.
15	Periodicals section	The part of the library with magazines and newspapers.	بخش مجلات و روزنامه‌ها	The periodicals section has the latest magazines.
16	Magazine	A publication released weekly or monthly.	مجله	She borrowed a travel magazine from the library.
17	Rack	A stand used to hold or display books or magazines.	قفسه	The magazine rack was full of colorful covers.
18	Photocopy machine	A device used to make paper copies.	دستگاه فتوکپی	I made a copy of my report using the photocopy machine.
19	Globe	A model of the Earth showing countries and oceans.	کره زمین	The globe shows where different countries are located.
20	Atlas	A book containing maps.	اطلس	We used an atlas to find the capital cities of Africa.
21	Reference section	A part of the library with books for reading only.	بخش مرجع	You cannot borrow books from the reference section.
22	Information desk	A place where visitors ask for help or details.	میز اطلاعات	Ask for directions at the information desk.
23	(Reference) librarian	A person who helps you find research or reference materials.	کتابدار مرجع	The reference librarian showed me where to find the encyclopedia.
24	Dictionary	A book that explains the meanings of words.	فرهنگ لغت	You can check the spelling in a dictionary.
25	Encyclopedia	A book that gives information on many topics.	دانشنامه	I read about planets in the encyclopedia.
26	Shelf	A flat surface used for keeping books.	قفسه	The top shelf has all the new novels.

Future Perfect Progressive Tense

🧠 Use: Talk about something that will have been happening for some time in the future.
Structure: will have been + verb-ing

🎤 Practice Question:
🗣️ What will you have been doing by this time next year?
💬 Example Answer: By next year, I will have been teaching English online for five years.

🗣️ More speaking prompts:

How long will you have been learning English by the end of this year?
What skill will you have been practicing the most in the next six months?
Where will you have been working five years from now

📝 Homework

Task Type	Homework
practice	complete the practice setion and copy the practice in your notebooks.
Speaking	Topic of speaking, conversation, group discustion , etc will be share form teacher side on class.
Vocabulary	copy the vocabulary words in your notebooks and add 2 examples for each words.
Grammar	Practice and memorize the grammar since you have to answer the teachers questions on class next class.

Day 28

“The beautiful thing about learning is that no one can take it away from you.” — B.B. King

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence
521	Manual	Done by hand or involving physical work	کاردستی	This is a manual task that requires patience.
522	Turn	A pair or set of two things; to change direction	جفت، دوتا	They took turns helping each other.
523	Routine	Regular or habitual activities	کارهای عادی روزانه	Exercise is part of my morning routine.
524	Spree	A period of unrestrained activity or enjoyment	عیاشی، خوش‌گذرانی	They went on a shopping spree after getting paid.
525	Misery	A state of great suffering or unhappiness	بیچارگی	He lived in misery after losing his family.
526	Contented	Satisfied; happy with what one has	قانع	She felt contented with her simple life.
527	Measure	To determine the size, amount, or degree of something	اندازه، اندازه گرفتن	Please measure the table before buying a cloth.
528	Owe	To be in debt or have an obligation to someone	مدیون کسی بودن	I owe my success to my teachers.
529	Listless	Lacking energy or enthusiasm	بی‌میل، بی‌توجه	He felt listless after working all night.
530	Brick	A rectangular block used for building	خشت	The wall was made of red bricks.
531	Tuition	The fee for instruction or teaching	حق‌التدریس	The university increased its tuition fees this year.
532	Coffin	A box in which a dead body is buried	تابوت	The coffin was carried to the cemetery.
533	Sponsor	A person or organization that supports or guarantees something	ضامن، ضمانت کردن	The company sponsored the event for students.
534	Aspire	To have a strong desire or ambition for something	آرزو داشتن	She aspires to become a successful architect.
535	Purpose	A reason or intention for doing something	قصد، قصد داشتن	The purpose of this meeting is to discuss progress.
536	Waterfall	A stream of water falling from a height	آبشار	We visited a beautiful waterfall in the mountains.
537	Inspect	To examine something carefully	بازرسی کردن، سرکشی کردن	The teacher inspected the classroom for cleanliness.
538	Moralist	A person who teaches or draws moral lessons	نتیجه اخلاقی گرفتن	The writer was known as a moralist for his inspiring stories.
539	Moody	Often changing in mood or temper	بداخلاق	He’s too moody to work with today.
540	Merchandise	Goods that are bought or sold	به بازار عرضه کردن	The shop displayed its new merchandise in the window.

Future Perfect Progressive Tense

1. Structures – ساختمان

Form	Structure	Example
Affirmative (مثبت)	S + Will/Shall + Have + Been + V‑ing + Complement	I will have been watching the TV.
Interrogative (سوالی)	Will/Shall + S + Have + Been + V‑ing + Complement?	Will I have been watching the TV?
Negative (منفی)	S + Will/Shall + Not + Have + Been + V‑ing + Complement	I will not have been watching the TV.
Negative Interrogative (سوال منفی)	Will/Shall + S + Not + Have + Been + V‑ing + Complement?	Will I not have been watching the TV?

2. Usage – موارد استعمال

Usage Type	Explanation	Example	Dari/Farsi Translation
Duration before a future time/action	Shows how long an action will be in progress up to a specific future point or before another future action.	They will have been painting the house by Friday.	آنها تا روز جمعه در حال نقاشی خانه خواهند بود.
Emphasis on continuity	Emphasizes the ongoing nature of a future action when comparing two future events or times.	By next year, she will have been teaching for ten years.	تا سال آینده، او ده سال است که تدریس خواهد کرد.

نکته: این زمان معمولاً با قیود زمان مانند by, before, by the time, for, since همراهی می‌شود.

Common Time Expressions

By (by Friday, by next month, by 2026)
Before (before you arrive, before the meeting)
By the time (by the time you get here)
For (for two hours, for a decade)
Since (since 2010, since this morning)

More Examples

Day 29

“The beautiful thing about learning is that no one can take it away from you.” — B.B. King

No.	Word	English Meaning	Persian Meaning	Example Sentence
541	Panic	A sudden feeling of fear or anxiety	وارخطا شدن	Don’t panic; everything will be fine.
542	Civility	Polite and respectful behavior	نزاکت، نجابت و رفتار خوب	He treated everyone with civility and respect.
543	Civilization	The stage of human social and cultural development	متمدن کردن، متمدن شدن	Ancient civilization began along river valleys.
544	Civilized	Having an advanced culture and society	متمدن شدن، پیشرفته	A civilized society values education and peace.
545	Vital	Extremely important or essential	حیاتی، اساسی	Water is vital for human life.
546	Papery	Resembling or made of paper	کاغذی	The flower petals felt dry and papery.
547	Paradise	A place or state of perfect happiness	بهشت	They called the island a tropical paradise.
548	Parliament	A formal assembly or legislative body	پارلمان، مجلس شورا	The law was discussed in Parliament.
549	Partial	Showing favoritism or bias toward someone or something	طرفدار	The referee was accused of being partial to one team.
550	Participatory	Involving participation or shared involvement	مشارکتی	The school encouraged participatory decision-making.
551	Partisanship	Strong and sometimes unfair support for one side	طرفداری	Political partisanship can divide communities.
552	Partnership	A relationship between two or more people or groups working together	مشارکت	Their partnership led to a successful business.
553	Partook	To take part in or share	شرکت کردن	Many students partook in the cultural festival.
554	Screech	To make a loud, high-pitched sound	چیغ زدن، فریاد زدن	The brakes screeched as the car stopped suddenly.
555	Sedition	Inciting people to rebel against authority	فتنه‌جویی، شورش	He was arrested for spreading sedition.
556	Scope	The range or extent of something	هدف، منظور	The scope of this project is quite large.
557	Resistance	The act of opposing or fighting against something	پایداری، ایستادگی	The soldiers showed great resistance under attack.
558	Sash	A band or ribbon worn around the waist or over the shoulder	کمربند	She tied a red sash around her dress.
559	Squeeze	To press firmly, usually with hands	فشار دادن، فشردن	She squeezed the lemon to get the juice out.
560	Sahib	A respectful title for a man (used in South Asia)	آقا	The servant greeted his employer as “Sahib.”

Future Perfect Progressive Tense

1. Structures – ساختمان

Form	Structure	Example
Affirmative (مثبت)	S + Will/Shall + Have + Been + V‑ing + Complement	I will have been watching the TV.
Interrogative (سوالی)	Will/Shall + S + Have + Been + V‑ing + Complement?	Will I have been watching the TV?
Negative (منفی)	S + Will/Shall + Not + Have + Been + V‑ing + Complement	I will not have been watching the TV.
Negative Interrogative (سوال منفی)	Will/Shall + S + Not + Have + Been + V‑ing + Complement?	Will I not have been watching the TV?

2. Usage – موارد استعمال

Usage Type	Explanation	Example	Dari/Farsi Translation
Duration before a future time/action	Shows how long an action will be in progress up to a specific future point or before another future action.	They will have been painting the house by Friday.	آنها تا روز جمعه در حال نقاشی خانه خواهند بود.
Emphasis on continuity	Emphasizes the ongoing nature of a future action when comparing two future events or times.	By next year, she will have been teaching for ten years.	تا سال آینده، او ده سال است که تدریس خواهد کرد.

نکته: این زمان معمولاً با قیود زمان مانند by, before, by the time, for, since همراهی می‌شود.

Common Time Expressions

By (by Friday, by next month, by 2026)
Before (before you arrive, before the meeting)
By the time (by the time you get here)
For (for two hours, for a decade)
Since (since 2010, since this morning)

More Examples

Day 30

“The beautiful thing about learning is that no one can take it away from you.” — B.B. King

looking for last part of the words to add.

Future Perfect Progressive Tense

1. Structures – ساختمان

Form	Structure	Example
Affirmative (مثبت)	S + Will/Shall + Have + Been + V‑ing + Complement	I will have been watching the TV.
Interrogative (سوالی)	Will/Shall + S + Have + Been + V‑ing + Complement?	Will I have been watching the TV?
Negative (منفی)	S + Will/Shall + Not + Have + Been + V‑ing + Complement	I will not have been watching the TV.
Negative Interrogative (سوال منفی)	Will/Shall + S + Not + Have + Been + V‑ing + Complement?	Will I not have been watching the TV?

2. Usage – موارد استعمال

Usage Type	Explanation	Example	Dari/Farsi Translation
Duration before a future time/action	Shows how long an action will be in progress up to a specific future point or before another future action.	They will have been painting the house by Friday.	آنها تا روز جمعه در حال نقاشی خانه خواهند بود.
Emphasis on continuity	Emphasizes the ongoing nature of a future action when comparing two future events or times.	By next year, she will have been teaching for ten years.	تا سال آینده، او ده سال است که تدریس خواهد کرد.

نکته: این زمان معمولاً با قیود زمان مانند by, before, by the time, for, since همراهی می‌شود.

Common Time Expressions

By (by Friday, by next month, by 2026)
Before (before you arrive, before the meeting)
By the time (by the time you get here)
For (for two hours, for a decade)
Since (since 2010, since this morning)